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Table 8 Multivariate analyses for interactions between interpersonal violence, being female and selected mental disorders

From: Gender moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and internalizing and substance use disorders later in life: a cross-sectional analysis

Selected mental disorders

Exposure to parent hit other adult

Female gender

Interactions

OR (95 % CI)

P-value

OR (95 % CI)

P-value

OR (95 % CI)

P-value

Internalizing disorders lifetime

 Bipolar disorder

3.66 (2.54–5.28)

<0.001

0.88 (0.65–1.20)

0.43

1.08 (0.61–1.90)

0.79

 Bipolar disordera

3.50 (2.32–5.29)

<0.001

0.75 (0.54–1.04)

0.09

0.93 (0.52–1.67)

0.80

 Depression

1.99 (1.57–2.52)

<0.001

1.70 (1.46–1.98)

<0.001

1.05 (0.76–1.46)

0.75

 Depressiona

2.04 (1.58–2.64)

<0.001

1.59 (1.34–1.87)

<0.001

0.95 (0.67–1.35)

0.79

 Generalized anxiety disorder

1.93 (1.52–2.44)

<0.001

1.84 (1.56–2.18)

<0.001

1.19 (0.87–1.61)

0.27

 Generalized anxiety disordera

1.80 (1.40–23.32)

<0.001

1.69 (1.41–2.04)

<0.001

1.17 (0.85–1.62)

0.34

 Hypomania

3.44 (2.22–5.32)

<0.001

0.88 (0.61–1.26)

0.48

1.12 (0.56–2.24)

0.74

 Hypomaniaa

3.49 (2.16–5.64)

<0.001

0.76 (0.51–1.12)

0.17

0.92 (0.46–1.83)

0.81

 Mania

3.65 (0.52–5.28)

<0.001

0.89 (0.66–1.22)

0.48

1.06 (0.60–1.88)

0.84

 Maniaa

3.49 (2.31–5.27)

<0.001

0.76 (0.54–1.05)

0.10

0.91 (0.50–1.64)

0.75

 Mood disorder

2.36 (1.90–2.94)

<0.001

1.59 (1.38–1.84)

<0.001

0.94 (0.70–1.26)

0.67

 Mood disordera

2.44 (1.92–3.10)

<0.001

1.48 (1.26–1.74)

<0.001

0.84 (0.61–1.15)

0.27

 Any kind of internalizing disorders

2.23 (1.84–2.70)

<0.001

1.74 (1.53–1.98)

<0.001

1.03 (0.79–1.34)

0.82

 Any kind of internalizing disordersa

2.26 (1.83–2.78)

<0.001

1.64 (1.42–1.89)

<0.001

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

0.69

Internalizing disorders 12-month

 Bipolar disorder

3.36 (2.00–5.63)

<0.001

0.85 (0.54–1.34)

0.48

1.08 (0.52–2.24)

0.83

 Bipolar disordera

3.27 (1.83–5.82)

<0.001

0.75 (0.47–1.21)

0.24

0.86 (0.40–1.83)

0.70

 Depression

2.65 (1.90–3.70)

<0.001

1.59 (1.26–2.01)

<0.001

0.86 (0.55–1.34)

0.50

 Depressiona

2.74 (1.91–3.92)

<0.001

1.35 (1.04–1.75)

0.02

0.72 (0.45–1.17)

0.19

 Generalized anxiety disorder

2.31 (1.56–3.42)

<0.001

1.46 (1.10–1.95)

0.10

1.16 (0.73–1.86)

0.53

 Generalized anxiety disordera

2.12 (1.37–3.28)

0.001

1.19 (0.88–1.61)

0.25

1.07 (0.64–1.80)

0.80

 Hypomania

5.31 (2.79–10.10)

<0.001

0.88 (0.49–1.57)

0.67

0.64 (0.27–1.53)

0.32

 Hypomaniaa

6.44 (3.30–12.56)

<0.001

0.90 (0.49–1.66)

0.75

0.43 (0.18–1.04)

0.06

 Mania

3.39 (1.77–6.46)

<0.001

1.20 (0.67–2.16)

0.54

0.98 (0.43–2.25)

0.96

 Maniaa

3.31 (1.62–6.73)

0.001

1.14 (0.62–2.09)

0.67

0.72 (0.31–1.71)

0.46

 Mood disorder

2.90 (2.14–3.92)

<0.001

1.51 (1.20–1.89)

<0.001

0.83 (0.55–1.24)

0.36

 Mood disordera

2.97 (2.13–4.14)

<0.001

1.28 (1.00–1.65)

0.05

0.69 (0.45–1.08)

0.11

 Any kind of internalizing disorders

2.74 (2.08–3.61)

<0.001

1.49 (1.23–1.82)

<0.001

0.88 (0.61–1.27)

0.49

 Any kind of internalizing disordersa

2.69 (1.99–3.65)

<0.001

1.26 (1.01–1.56)

0.04

0.77 (0.52–1.16)

0.21

Externalizing disorders lifetime

 Alcohol abuse or dependence

1.65 (1.40–1.95)

<0.001

0.25 (0.22–0.29)

<0.001

1.57 (1.20–2.06)

0.001

 Alcohol abuse or dependencea

1.74 (1.45–2.08)

<0.001

0.26 (0.23–0.29)

<0.001

1.41 (1.06–1.86)

0.02

 Drug abuse or dependence

2.42 (1.90–3.08)

<0.001

0.39 (0.33–0.47)

<0.001

1.24 (0.87–1.77)

0.24

 Drug abuse or dependencea

2.46 (1.92–3.16)

<0.001

0.37 (0.30–0.45)

<0.001

1.07 (0.73-.156)

0.74

 Any kind of externalizing disorders

1.89 (1.58–2.25)

<0.001

0.28 (0.25–0.31)

<0.001

1.36 (1.04–1.76)

0.02

 Any kind of externalizing disordersa

2.03 (1.68–2.44)

<0.001

0.27 (0.24–0.31)

<0.001

1.19 (0.90–1.57)

0.23

Externalizing disorders 12-month

 Alcohol abuse or dependence

1.56 (1.08–2.25)

0.02

0.29 (0.22–0.38)

<0.001

1.52 (0.87–2.65)

0.14

 Alcohol abuse or dependencea

1.67 (1.12–2.49)

0.01

0.32 (0.24–0.42)

<0.001

1.34 (0.74–2.44)

0.34

 Drug abuse or dependence

2.22 (1.50–3.30)

<0.001

0.33 (0.22–0.49)

<0.001

1.20 (0.62–2.33)

0.59

 Drug abuse or dependencea

2.41 (1.55–3.75)

<0.001

0.29 (0.19–0.44)

<0.001

1.06 (0.53–2.14)

0.86

 Any kind of internalizing disorders

1.79 (1.33–2.40)

<0.001

0.31 (0.24–0.39)

<0.001

1.30 (0.81–2.08)

2.07

 Any kind of internalizing disordersa

1.94 (1.38–2.71)

<0.001

0.31 (0.24–0.40)

<0.001

1.18 (0.71–1.96)

0.53

  1. aadjusted for age, marital status, income, education, place of residence, immigrant