From: A personality trait contributes to the occurrence of postoperative delirium: a prospective study
 | All patients (n = 78) | Delirium (n = 40) | No Delirium (n = 38) | Risk Ratio (95 % CI) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||||
General | |||||
Female sex, No. (%) | 63 (80.8) | 29 (72.5) | 34 (89.5) | 0.31 (0.09-1.08) | 0.07 |
Age, mean (SD), y | 81.6 (6.6) | 82.8 (6.2) | 80.4 (6.9) | 1.06 (0.99-1.13) | 0.11 |
Education, mean (SD), y | 8.2 (4.6) | 8.7 (3.9) | 7.7 (5.1) | 1.05 (0.95-1.16) | 0.34 |
Medical history, No. (%) | |||||
Major mental disorder history | 13 (16.7) | 9 (22.5) | 4 (10.5) | 2.47 (0.69-8.83) | 0.17 |
Dementia history | 19 (24.4) | 13 (32.5) | 6 (15.8) | 2.57(0.86-7.67) | 0.09 |
Delirium history | 7 (9.3) | 5 (12.8) | 2 (5.6) | 2.50 (0.45-13.79) | 0.29 |
Other mental disorder history | 4 (5.1) | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.3) | 0.95(0.13-7.09) | 0.96 |
Brain injury history | 12 (15.6) | 5 (12.5) | 7 (18.9) | 0.61 (0.18-2.13) | 0.44 |
Psychiatry family history | 11 (14.5) | 4 (10.3) | 7 (18.9) | 0.49 (0.13-1.84) | 0.29 |
Hypertension | 54 (69.2) | 29 (72.5) | 25 (65.8) | 1.37 (0.52-3.60) | 0.52 |
Diabetes | 27 (34.6) | 16 (40.0) | 11 (28.9) | 1.64 (0.64-4.21) | 0.31 |
Addiction history, No. (%) | |||||
Smoking | 4 (5.2) | 3 (7.7) | 1 (2.6) | 3.08 (0.31-31.04) | 0.34 |
Alcohol | 8 (10.4) | 6 (15.4) | 2 (5.3) | 3.27 (0.62-17.36) | 0.16 |
Preoperative medications, No. (%) | |||||
Opiates | 2 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.3) | 0.00 (-) | - |
Benzodiazepines | 9 (11.5) | 8 (20.0) | 1 (2.6) | 9.25 (1.10-78.00) | 0.04 |
Antidepressants | 11 (14.1) | 9 (22.5) | 2 (5.3) | 5.23 (1.05-26.03) | 0.04 |
Anticholinergics | 5 (6.4) | 5 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 (-) | - |
Perceptual risk factor, No. (%) | |||||
Visual problem | 5 (6.5) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (5.4) | 1.42 (0.22-9.01) | 0.71 |
Auditory problem | 12 (15.4) | 7 (17.5) | 5 (13.2) | 1.40 (0.40-4.86) | 0.60 |
Preoperative assessments | |||||
Cognitive ability, mean (SD) | |||||
MMSE | 18.7 (6.2) | 16.6 (5.7) | 20.9 (5.9) | 0.88 (0.81-0.96) | 0.003 |
Preoperative laboratory, mean (SD) | |||||
White blood cell count,/μL | 9970 (2880) | 9810 (2180) | 10140 (3500) | 0.96 (0.82-1.12) | 0.62 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.1 (11.5) | 14.5 (16.0) | 11.7 (1.6) | 1.09 (0.83-1.44) | 0.53 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 149.8 (68.0) | 160.7 (79.9) | 138.6 (51.8) | 1.01 (0.10-1.01) | 0.17 |
Blood Urea Nitrogen, mg/dL | 21.1 (8.6) | 20.3 (7.7) | 21.8 (9.5) | 0.98 (0.93-1.03) | 0.45 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 (0.4) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.6) | 0.58 (0.20-1.74) | 0.34 |
Total protein, g/dL | 6.6 (0.5) | 6.5 (0.5) | 6.7 (0.6) | 0.51 (0.21-1.24) | 0.14 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.5) | 0.50 (0.18-0.39) | 0.19 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 137.3 (3.8) | 137.3 (3.5) | 137.3 (4.2) | 0.10 (0.89-1.12) | 0.96 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 4.2 (0.5) | 4.2 (0.4) | 4.2 (0.6) | 1.02 (0.42-2.48) | 0.96 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 8.8 (0.6) | 8.7 (0.8) | 8.9 (0.6) | 0.65 (0.27-1.52) | 0.32 |
Operation-related data | |||||
ASA PS, No. (%) | |||||
2 | 18 (23.1) | 7 (17.5) | 11 (28.9) | reference | Â |
3 | 53 (67.9) | 31 (77.5) | 22 (57.9) | 2.21 (0.74-6.61) | 0.15 |
4 | 7 (9.0) | 2 (5.0) | 5 (13.2) | 0.63 (0.10-4.18) | 0.63 |
Regional anesthesia, No. (%) | 31 (39.7) | 21 (52.5) | 10 (26.3) | 3.10 (1.19-8.02) | 0.02 |
Anesthesia duration, mean (SD), min | 123.8 (41.4) | 119.8 (38.3) | 128.0 (44.6) | 0.10 (0.98-1.01) | 0.38 |
Pain-related data | |||||
VAS score, median (IQR) | |||||
At rest before operation | 6 (5.0-7.0) | 6 (5.0-7.8) | 6 (5.0-7.0) | 1.08 (0.82-1.42) | 0.58 |
At rest on POD #1 | 4 (3.0-6.0) | 3 (3.0-6.0) | 4 (3.0-6.0) | 0.85 (0.65-1.11) | 0.24 |
Opioid dose, median (IQR), mg | |||||
Before operation | 5 (0-10.0) | 5 (0-10.0) | 5 (0-9.2) | 1.00 (0.95-1.04) | 0.84 |
POD #1 | 0 (0-6.7) | 0 (0-3.3) | 0 (0-6.7) | 0.92 (0.84-1.01) | 0.09 |
Preoperative psychological scales | |||||
HAS, mean (SD) | 6.95 (7.58) | 7.97 (7.22) | 5.92 (7.89) | 1.04 (0.98-1.10) | 0.24 |
HRSD, mean (SD) | 4.91 (4.83) | 5.55 (4.73) | 4.24 (4.91) | 1.06 (0.96-1.17) | 0.23 |
Big Five Inventory, mean (SD) | |||||
Extraversion | 6.09 (1.66) | 5.92 (19.2) | 6.27 (1.33) | 0.88 (0.67-1.16) | 0.36 |
Agreeableness | 6.59 (1.91) | 6.36 (2.28) | 6.84 (1.40) | 0.87 (0.69-1.11) | 0.27 |
Neuroticism | 6.99 (1.43) | 7.51 (1.47) | 6.43 (1.17) | 1.86 (1.26-2.78) | 0.002 |
Conscientiousness | 7.77 (1.88) | 7.41 (1.96) | 8.17 (1.73) | 0.80 (0.62-1.03) | 0.08 |
Openness | 6.27 (1.63) | 6.05 (1.87) | 6.50 (1.32) | 0.84 (0.63-1.12) | 0.24 |