Table 1 General characteristics and CESD 10 among subjects at the baseline

Gender

0.387

 Male

3734

43.3

3.78 ± 2.93

 Female

4887

56.7

3.75 ± 2.97

Age

<0.001

 −54

2241

26.0

3.48 ± 2.84

 55–64

2382

27.6

3.63 ± 2.90

 65–74

2485

28.8

3.92 ± 3.00

 75−

1513

17.6

4.16 ± 3.09

Marital status

<0.001

 Single

1954

22.7

4.94 ± 2.99

 Married

6667

77.3

3.42 ± 2.85

Region

<0.001

 Metropolitan

3738

43.4

3.50 ± 2.90

 Small to Medium city

2763

32.0

3.78 ± 3.00

 Rural area

2120

24.6

4.21 ± 2.93

Regular exercise

<0.001

 No

5555

64.4

4.13 ± 3.02

 Yes

3066

35.6

3.11 ± 2.72

Employment

0.0

<0.001

 Employed

3616

41.9

2.92 ± 2.63

 Unemployed

5005

58.1

4.37 ± 3.03

Educational level

<0.001

 Elementary

3942

45.7

4.60 ± 2.99

 Middle

1474

17.1

3.61 ± 2.89

 High

2291

26.6

2.92 ± 2.68

<0.001

 College or above

914

10.6

2.55 ± 2.44

Income level

0.0

 Lowest

2170

25.2

5.02 ± 3.00

 Lower

2428

28.2

3.85 ± 2.91

 Higher

2146

24.9

3.19 ± 2.78

<0.001

 Highest

1877

21.8

2.86 ± 2.63

Number of chronic diseases

 None

4018

46.6

3.05 ± 2.72

 One

2602

30.2

3.93 ± 2.94

 Two

1329

15.4

4.70 ± 2.95

<0.001

 Three or more

672

7.8

5.62 ± 2.97

Cancer history

 Yes

8388

97.3

2.95 ± 0.03

 No

233

2.7

3.01 ± 0.20

Excessive health expenditure

<0.001

 < 5.0 %

5166

59.9

3.38 ± 2.84

 5.0–9.9 %

1372

15.9

3.86 ± 2.94

 10.0–19.9 %

950

11.0

4.26 ± 3.05

<0.001

 20.0 % −

1133

13.1

5.01 ± 2.99

Type of medical guarantee

0.0

 Insurance

8106

94.0

3.65 ± 2.93

 Medical aid

515

6.0

5.52 ± 2.87

Co-coverage from private health insurance

<0.001

 Yes

2742

31.8

2.82 ± 2.58

 No

5879

68.2

4.20 ± 3.02

Total

8621

100.0

3.77 ± 2.96