Variables | Number of studies resulted significant/Number of studies analysing the variable | Main significant resultsa (bivariate) | Main significant resultsa (multivariate) |
---|---|---|---|
Urban/metropolitan vs ruralb | 2/5 | Mixed direction (2) | Urban residence risk factor (1) |
Environmental variables, services distance and availability of resources | 1/2 | No significant association | Living in close proximity to a Narcotics Anonymous meeting location risk factor while living in areas with higher educational attainment protective factor (1) |
Physician characteristics and other hospital-level variables | 2/2 | Different variables analysed and found significant (2) | Number of Medicaid patients with mental or substance use disorder (1) and shorter median LoS (1) risk factor |
Fee-for-service or capitated Medicaid plan or (type of) insurance coverage | 3/4 | Mixed direction (2) | Medicaid (vs commercial insurance) protective factor (1) |
Social support | 9/14 | Social support protective factor (6)c (different variables analysed) | Social support protective factor (4) (different variables analysed) |