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Table 2 Results of ANCOVAs examining group differences on primary and secondary variables at pre, post and 20 week follow up

From: A pilot randomized controlled trial of a tailored cognitive behavioural therapy based intervention for depressive symptoms in those newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis

 

Pre

Post

Pre to post

20 week fup

Pre to fup

Variable

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

F (df = 1,29)

d (95% CI)

Mean (SD)

F (df = 1,29)

d (95% CI)

BDI-2

 CBT

29.80 (11.40)

10.89 (6.19)

  

9.33 (7.89)

  

 TAU

28.53 (12.21)

25.40 (10.31)

29.17***

1.66 (0.83, 2.49)

24.34 (13.54)

18.43***

1.34 (0.54, 2.13)

STAI

 CBT

45.40 (6.26)

33.87 (6.88)

  

36.20 (10.77)

  

 TAU

48.86 (11.20)

50.46 (12.22)

28.67***

1.63 (0.80, 2.45)

45.67 (14.15)

2.95

0.73 (− 0.01, 1.47)

MFIS

 CBT

12.13 (3.58)

8.73 (3.58)

  

8.06 (3.03)

  

 TAU

12.26 (3.84)

11.93 (4.38)

5.89*

0.78 (0.04, 1.52)

11.06 (4.74)

11.16**

0.73 (− 0.01, 1.47)

PES

 CBT

17.06 (5.62)

12.53 (6.18)

  

11.26 (4.51)

  

 TAU

18.80 (6.57)

17.67 (7.05)

3.92*

0.75 (0.01, 1.49)

16.80 (5.91)

9.80**

1.03 (0.26, 1.79)

MSQOL mental

 CBT

36.06 (14.81)

63.13 (14.42)

  

69.93 (19.64)

  

 TAU

40.06 (17.35)

44.20 (21.05)

12.73***

1.03 (0.26, 1.79)

49.27 (20.49)

12.28**

1.00 (0.24,1.76)

MSQOL physical

 CBT

47.39 (18.07)

65.92 (14.66)

  

63.32 (17.25)

  

 TAU

43.28 (17.63)

47.74 (19.07)

18.26***

1.04 (0.28, 1.80)

49.33 (21.32)

7.85**

0.70 (−0.03, 1.44)

PSQI

 CBT

9.00 (3.46)

4.40 (2.09)

  

4.80 (2.54)

  

 TAU

9.06 (3.93)

7.87 (2.99)

22.02***

1.31 (0.52, 2.10)

8.20 (3.60)

11.06**

1.06 (0.30,1.83)

PSSS

 CBT

63.73 (16.41)

59.46 (13.45)

  

62.26 (20.39)

  

 TAU

69.40 (12.10)

57.33 (12.48)

15.51**

0.96 (0.20, 1.71)

58.86 (17.31)

0.001

0.17 (−0.54, 0.89)

RSA

 CBT

137.29 (34.38)

165.45 (26.30)

  

164.10 (25.95)

  

 TAU

146.40 (32.38)

148.25 (32.63)

17.98***

0.57 (−0.16, 1.30)

149.53 (37.84)

8.49**

0.44 (−0.29, 1.16)

Acceptance

 CBT

30.40 (6.04)

28.20 (3.89)

  

27.93 (3.88)

  

 TAU

32.13 (4.82)

31.14 (4.78)

2.18

0.66 (−0.09, 1.41)

31.40 (5.96)

3.01

−0.67 (−1.39,0.08)

Problem solving

 CBT

6.76 (3.19)

8.87 (3.54)

  

8.93 (3.53)

  

 TAU

6.73 (4.10)

8.73 (4.31)

0.09

−0.46 (−1.19,0.26)

6.81 (3.97)

3.99*

0.55 (−0.18,1.28)

Avoidance

 CBT

9.87 (4.99)

4.20 (3.07)

  

3.93 (2.96)

  

 TAU

8.53 (5.22)

7.40 (4.45)

11.27**

0.81 (0.05, 1.53)

7.87 (5.24)

9.75**

0.90 (0.13, 1.62)

  1. FU 20 week follow up, ns not significant, CBT tailored CBT intervention, TAU treatment as usual, BDI Beck Depression Inventory –II, STAI State Trait Anxiety Inventory, MFIS Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, PES Pain Effects Scale, MSQOL mental Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-mental health summary score, MSQOL physical Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-physical health summary score, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSSS Perceived Social Support Scale, RSA Resilience Scale for Adults, Acceptance Acceptance of Chronic Health Conditions Scale, Problem solving Ways of coping questionnaire – planful problem-solving subscale, Avoidance Ways of coping questionnaire – escape-avoidance subscale
  2. *p < .05, **p < .01; ***p < .001