Table 1 Characteristics of the PTSD-SP group (n = 74) and the PTSD group (n = 107)
PTSD-SP | PTSD | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | N (%)/mean (±SD) | N (%)/mean (±SD) | Chi-square test | |
Male | 48 (64.9%) | 56 (52.3%) | P = 0.094 | |
Female | 26 (35.1%) | 51 (47.7%) | ||
Age (3rd May 2013) | 44.8 (±8.8) | 45.0 (±9.8) | ||
Region of origin | Countries | N (%) | N (%) | |
Eastern Asia | China | 0 | 1 (0.94%) | |
Southern Asia | Afghanistan, Iran, Sri Lanka | 15 (20.3%) | 32 (29.9%) | |
Western Asia | Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Turkey | 45 (60.8%) | 55 (51.4%) | |
Eastern Europe | Russia | 1 (1.35%) | 0 | |
Southern Europe | Albania, Bosnia, Former Yugoslavia | 9 (12.2%) | 12 (11.2%) | |
Eastern Africa | Eritrea, Rwanda, Somalia | 2 (2.7%) | 4 (3.74%) | |
Northern Africa | Algeria, Morocco | 1 (1.35%) | 1 (0.94%) | |
Unknown | 1 (1.35%) | 2 (1.87%) | ||
Comorbidity | ICD-10 codes | N (%) | N (%) | Chi-square test |
Depressive disorders | DF32.0, DF32.1, DF32.2, DF32.3, DF32.9, DF33.1, DF33.2, DF33.3, DF33.8, DF33.9 | 65 (87.8%) | 91 (85.1%) | P = 0.593 |
Other affective disorder | DF31.6, DF34.1, DF34.8 | 0 | 4 (3.74%) | |
Personality change after catastrophic experience | DF62.0 | 24 (32.4%) | 17 (15.9%) | P = 0.009* |
Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use | DF10.1, DF10.2, DF11.2, DF15.1, DF19.2 | 2 (2.70%) | 3 (2.80%) | |
Schizophrenia, Schizotypal and delusional disorders | DF22.9, DF29.9 | 3 (4.05%) | 0 | |
Other anxiety disorders | DF41.0, DF41.1 | 3 (4.05%) | 5 (4.67%) | |
Other personality changes | DF60.0, DF60.1, DF61.0, DF62.1, DF68.0 | 2 (2.70%) | 3 (2.80%) | |
No-comorbidity to PTSD | 6 (8.11%) | 9 (8.41%) | ||
Psychiatric medication baseline | Generic name | N (%) | N (%) | Chi-square test |
Antipsychotics | flupentixol, chlorprothixen, quetiapin, aripiprazol, olanzapine, risperdon, unspecified | 14 (18.9%) | 11 (10.3%) | P = 0.098 |
Antidepressants | SSRI, SNRI, TCA, NaSSA, unspecified | 35 (47.3%) | 46 (43.0%) | P = 0.567 |
Benzodiazepines | 10 (13.5%) | 24 (22.4%) | P = 0.131 | |
No psychopharmacological treatment | 30 (40.5%) | 50 (46.7%) | P = 0.410 | |
Type of trauma exposure | N (%) | N (%) | Chi-square test | |
Exposed to torture PTSD-SP (n = 69), PTSD (n = 92) | 47 (63.5%) | 39 (36.4%) | P = 0.001* | |
Experienced imprisonment PTSD-SP (n = 69), PTSD (n = 92) | 44 (59.5%) | 38 (35.5%) | P = 0.005* | |
Lived in a war zone PTSD-SP (n = 69), PTSD (n = 91) | 63 (85.1%) | 88 (82.2%) | P = 0.142 | |
Lived in a refugee camp PTSD-SP (n = 69), PTSD (n = 85) | 19 (25.6%) | 26 (24.3%) | P = 0.679 | |
Soldier in war PTSD-SP (n = 68),PTSD (n = 87) | 23 (31.1%) | 23 (21.5%) | P = 0.318 |