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Table 4 Optimal cut-off scores on the CES-D-10 and PHQ-9 for the detection of major depressive disorder

From: Validation of the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) in Zulu, Xhosa and Afrikaans populations in South Africa

Cut-off score

Zulu

Afrikaans

Xhosa

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Correctly classified

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Correctly classified

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Correctly classified

CES-D-10

  ≥ 5

100.0

11.9

7.7

100.0

18.0

100.0

58.7

34.7

100.0

66.1

95.2

57.1

14.2

99.4

59.7

  ≥ 6

100.0

20.0

8.4

100.0

25.5

98.1

63.7

37.2

99.3

69.9

95.2

68.8

18.5

99.5

70.6

  ≥ 7

100.0

27.0

9.2

100.0

32.0

96.2

70.0

41.3

98.8

74.7

95.2

74.5

21.7

99.5

75.9

  ≥ 8

95.2

36.8

10.0

99.1

40.9

92.3

74.7

44.4

97.8

77.9

90.5

78.4

23.8

99.1

79.2

  ≥ 9

90.5

46.7

11.1

98.5

49.7

88.5

77.7

46.5

96.8

79.6

85.7

83.3

27.7

98.7

83.5

  ≥ 10

81.0

57.5

12.3

97.6

59.2

85.5

81.0

50.0

96.5

82.0

85.7

87.2

33.3

98.8

87.1

   ≥ 11

76.2

64.2

13.6

97.3

65.0

84.6

84.0

53.7

96.1

84.1

81.0

90.8

39.5

98.5

90.1

   ≥ 12

71.4

72.6

16.1

97.2

72.6

80.8

86.9

57.5

95.4

85.8

81.0

91.8

42.5

98.5

91.1

   ≥ 13

61.9

81.8

20.0

96.7

80.4

78.9

88.2

59.4

95.0

86.5

81.0

95.0

54.8

98.5

94.1

  ≥ 14

52.4

87.0

22.9

96.1

84.6

76.5

91.1

65.0

94.3

88.2

76.2

95.4

55.2

98.2

94.1

PHQ-9

  ≥ 4

100.0

32.6

9.9

100.0

37.3

96.2

57.7

33.6

98.5

64.7

95.2

58.5

14.6

99.4

61.1

  ≥ 5

100.0

44.3

11.7

100.0

48.2

92.3

65.8

37.5

97.5

70.6

95.2

68.4

18.4

99.5

70.3

  ≥ 6

95.2

57.1

14.1

99.4

59.7

86.5

71.4

40.2

96.0

74.1

90.5

77.0

22.6

99.1

77.9

   ≥ 7

85.7

66.0

15.7

98.4

67.3

82.7

79.1

46.7

95.4

79.7

81.0

83.3

26.6

98.3

83.2

   ≥ 8

66.7

73.1

15.4

96.7

72.6

77.0

82.9

50.0

94.2

81.8

81.0

87.2

32.1

98.4

86.8

  ≥ 9

61.9

78.0

17.3

96.5

76.9

71.2

86.3

53.6

93.1

83.6

71.4

90.8

36.6

97.7

89.4

  ≥ 10

57.1

84.8

21.8

96.4

82.8

65.4

88.0

54.8

92.0

83.9

61.9

94.7

46.4

97.1

92.4

  ≥ 11

47.6

89.4

25.0

95.9

86.5

57.7

90.2

56.6

90.6

84.3

47.6

96.8

52.6

96.1

93.4

  ≥ 12

42.9

93.6

33.3

95.7

90.1

51.9

90.6

55.1

89.5

83.6

38.1

98.2

61.5

95.5

94.1

  1. PPV Positive predictive value, NPV Negative predictive value
  2. Optimal cut-off scores are indicated in bold