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Table 4 Detailed NPR-registered International Classification of Diseases codes (ICD-10) on axes I, II and V in children with ADHD; comparing MoBa participants (n = 1595) and the general child population (All) (n = 11 119)

From: ADHD, comorbid disorders and psychosocial functioning: How representative is a child cohort study? Findings from a national patient registry

Axis I, psychiatric disorders

% MoBa

% All

Statistics

 Affective disorders (F30–F39)

0.8

0.9

z = 0.42, p = 0.67

 Anxiety disorders incl. OCD and SM (F40–F42, F94.0)

2.1

2.9

z = 1.90, p = 0.57

 Adjustment disorders (F43)

1.2

2.3

z = 2.93, p = 0.03

 Sleep disorders (F51)

0.6

0.5

z = 0.57, p = 0.57

 Autism Spectrum Disorders (F84)

8.3

7.2

z = 1.70, p = 0.009

 Conduct disorders (F91)

4.8

4.2

z = 1.20, p = 0.23

 Mixed disorders of conduct and emotions (F92)

2.2

1.9

z = 0.88, p = 0.38

 Emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood (F93)

3.6

4.3

z = 1.38, p = 0.17

 Attachment disorders (F94.1-2)

1.5

2.7

z = 2.96, p = 0.003

 Tics (F95)

8.5

7.5

z = 0.52, p = 0.13

 Elimination disorders (F98)

3.1

2.6

z = 0.42, p = 0.21

Axis II, learning disabilities

 Specific disorders of speech and language (F80)

7.8

7.4

z = 0.61, p = 0.54

 Specific disorder of scholastic skills (F81)

8.6

10.4

z = 2.36, p = 0.02

 Specific disorder of motor function (F82)

2.8

2.1

z = 1.95, p = 0.05

 Mixed specific developmental disorders (F83) ≥ 2 F80-F82)

2.4

2.4

z = 0, p = 1

Axis V, associated abnormal psychosocial situations

% MoBa

% All

 

 1 Abnormal intrafamilial relationships

6.6

8.7

z = 2.98, p = 0.003

 2 Mental disorder, deviance or handicap in the child’s primary support group

14.4

17.0

z = 2.76, p = 0.005

 3 Inadequate or distorted intrafamilial communication

2.4

3.1

z = 1.61, p = 0.11

 4 Abnormal qualities of upbringing

2.6

3.3

z = 0.57, p = 0.12

 5 Abnormal immediate environment

23.1

29

z = 5.19, p < 0.001

 6 Acute life events

4.4

7.1

z = 4.20, p < 0.001

 7 Societal stressors

0.8

2

z = 3.42, p = 0.006

 8 Chronic interpersonal stress associated with school/work

4.1

5.1

z = 1.82, p = 0.07

 9 Stressful events/situations resulting from the child’s own disorder/disability

5.1

5.8

z = 1.20, p = 0.23

  1. NPR Norwegian Patient Registry; MoBa The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study