Effects over time of self-reported direct and vicarious racial discrimination on depressive symptoms and loneliness among Australian school students

Table 2 Standardized and unstandardized probit coefficients for the cross-lagged effects of all variables at T1 predicting racism experiences and emotional health at T2. All pathways were estimated simultaneously

	β	b	SE	p
Predicting T2 Vicarious racism
T1 Vicarious racism	0.412	1.139	0.135	0.000
T1 Direct racism	0.085	0.228	0.415	0.582
T1 Loneliness	−0.003	−0.009	0.516	0.986
T1 Depressive symptoms	0.049	0.125	0.396	0.753
Female	0.340	0.841	0.434	0.052
Age	−0.013	−0.007	0.135	0.958
Minority English	−0.221	−0.575	0.241	0.017
Minority non-English	−0.365	−0.969	0.333	0.004
Predicting T2 Direct racism
T1 Vicarious racism	0.039	0.111	0.306	0.716
T1 Direct racism	0.403	1.123	0.165	0.000
T1 Loneliness	0.122	0.378	0.434	0.385
T1 Depressive symptoms	−0.131	−0.343	0.568	0.546
Female	0.103	0.263	0.402	0.513
Age	0.308	0.178	0.099	0.072
Minority English	0.212	0.571	0.353	0.106
Minority non-English	0.106	0.292	0.345	0.397
Predicting T2 Loneliness
T1 Vicarious racism	0.074	0.186	0.203	0.359
T1 Direct racism	0.291	0.716	0.221	0.001
T1 Loneliness	0.185	0.507	0.288	0.078
T1 Depressive symptoms	0.152	0.353	0.072	0.000
Female	−0.116	−0.264	0.420	0.531
Age	−0.058	−0.030	0.049	0.541
Minority English	−0.089	−0.212	0.246	0.388
Minority non-English	−0.076	−0.184	0.396	0.642
Predicting T2 Depressive symptoms
T1 Vicarious racism	0.172	0.451	0.330	0.172
T1 Direct racism	0.431	1.101	0.288	0.000
T1 Loneliness	−0.122	−0.347	0.602	0.565
T1 Depressive symptoms	0.232	0.559	0.685	0.414
Female	0.167	0.391	0.298	0.190
Age	−0.101	−0.053	0.058	0.361
Minority English	0.049	0.121	0.144	0.401
Minority non-English	−0.117	−0.295	0.336	0.380

ISSN: 1471-244X