Feasibility and efficacy of shared decision making for first-admission schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 Primary and secondary outcomes

Outcome	SDM	Usual care	Crude treatment effect (95% CI)	Adjusted treatment effect (95% CI)^c	Standardized mean difference/risk ratio (95% CI)
Primary outcome
Mean satisfaction at discharge (SD)	23.7 (3.9)	22.1 (3.7)	1.6 (−5.2 to 2.0)^a	−0.8 (−4.2 to 2.6)^a	0.39 (−0.47 to 1.24)^d
Secondary outcomes
Mean attitude toward medication at discharge (SD)	3.8 (3.7)	2.3 (4.8)	1.5 (−5.6 to 2.7) ^a	−1.1 (−4.4 to 2.3)^a	0.31 (−0.55, 1.16)^d
Treatment continuation at 6 months after discharge, n (%)	8 (88.9)	9 (69.2)	19.7 (−12.8 to 52.1)^b	22.1 (−24.9 to 70.1)^b	0.36 (0.05, 2.72)^e
Harm
Mean GAF score at discharge (SD)	55.6 (11.2)	47.8 (18.9)	7.7 (−23.1 to 7.7)	4.0 (−13.0 to 20.0)^a	0.44 (−0.42, 1.30)^d
Average length of stay (SD), day	66.7 (40.4)	66.5 (17.4)	1.3 (−39.6 to 37.0)	−1.7 (−43.6 to 40.9)^a	0.03 (−0.82, 0.88)^d

BPRS the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CI confidence interval, GAF the Global Assessment of Functioning, SDM shared decision making
^aMean difference (95% CI) between the SDM and usual care groups
^bRisk difference (95% CI) between the SDM and usual care groups
^cAdjusted for sex, age, illness duration, and symptom severity assessed by the BPRS at admission
^dStandardized mean difference (95% CI) between the SDM and usual care groups
^eRisk ratio (95% CI) between the SDM and usual care groups

ISSN: 1471-244X