Comparison of associated features and drug treatment between co-occurring unipolar and bipolar disorders in depressed eating disorder patients

Table 3 Comparison of lifetime psychiatric diagnoses among depressed eating disorder patients with or without lifetime hypomania/mania episode

Variables	Eating disorders with MDD	Eating disorders with bipolar II disorder	Eating disorders with bipolar I disorder	2 vs. 1	3 vs. 1	3 vs. 2
	(1)	(2)	(3)
	(n = 133)	(n = 55)	(n = 39)
	N (%)	N (%)	N (%)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Comorbid diagnosis
Generalized anxiety disorder	50 (37.6)	27 (49.1)	20 (51.3)	1.31 (0.68, 2.54)	1.50 (0.71, 3.17)	1.17 (0.49, 2.79)
Social phobia	46 (34.6)	23 (41.8)	18 (46.2)	1.29 (0.65, 2.55)	1.63 (0.76, 3.50)	1.21 (0.52, 2.82)
Panic disorder	16 (12.0)	14 (25.5)	12 (30.8)	2.02 (0.89, 4.60)	2.73 (1.12, 6.69)	1.47 (0.56, 3.80)
Agoraphobia	27 (20.3)	13 (23.6)	15 (38.5)	0.97 (0.44, 2.11)	2.14(0.95, 4.83)	2.25 (0.87, 5.83)
Obsessive compulsive disorder	38 (28.6)	19 (34.6)	17 (43.6)	1.23 (0.61, 2.47)	1.80 (0.84, 3.85)	1.52 (0.64, 3.60)
Post-traumatic stress disorder	15 (11.3)	22 (20.0)	5 (12.8)	1.79 (0.74, 4.33)	1.13 (0.37, 3.44)	0.59 (0.18, 1.89)
Alcohol abuse/dependence	5 (3.8)	12 (21.8)	12 (30.8)	7.68 (2.41, 24.44)	14.55 (4.37, 48.41)	2.05 (0.74, 5.70)
Drug abuse/dependence	23 (17.3)	10 (18.2)	10 (25.6)	1.15 (0.49, 2.69)	1.67 (0.69, 4.06)	1.48 (0.53, 4.09)
Functional impairment^b				0.87 (0.45, 1.68)^a	4.46 (1.80, 11.04) ^a	5.11 (1.91, 13.72) ^a
Severe and very severe	67 (50.4)	26 (47.3)	32 (82.1)
Marked	45 (33.8)	18 (32.7)	7 (18.0)
None and mild	21 (15.8)	11 (20.0)	0
Suicide acts^c	23 (17.3)	16 (29.1)	14 (35.9)	1.72 (0.80, 3.70)	2.52 (1.10, 5.77)	1.39 (0.57, 3.40)
Auto-aggressive behaviors^d	41 (30.8)	15 (27.3)	18 (46.2)	0.81 (0.39, 1.67)	1.92 (0.89, 4.11)	2.18 (0.89, 5.37)

AOR: odd ratio adjusted for age, gender, and eating disorder subtypes
Values in bold type indicated statistically significant
MDD major depressive disorder
Impairments and suicide were assessed using the Structured Interview on Anorexic and Bulimic Disorder, Expert-Assessment (SIAB-EX)
^aPatients with severe and very severe impairments compared with all others
^b: rated by the Item 53 ‘Was your work performance objectively impaired at work or in your household ?”. Severity of impairment is rated from 0 (=no) to 4 (=very severe)
^c: rated by the item 69 ‘Did you ever attempt to commit suicide?’
^d: rated by the Item 70 ‘Did you ever hurt yourself intentionally?’. Severity of suicidal acts and auto-aggressive behaviors is rated from 0 (= symptom not present) to 4 (= symptom very much/very severely present) according to the number of attempts or seriousness of physical injury; here suicide acts indicated the severity more than one serious attempt or many minor attempts and auto-aggressive behaviors indicated the severity more than marked degree

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