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Table 2 Changes in clinical parameters between baseline and three years later in smokers and in non-smokers

From: Long term effects of smoking cessation in hospitalized schizophrenia patients

 

Smokers

Non-smokers

 

n = 38

n = 32

Baseline

Three years

Changes

p

Baseline

Three years

Changes

P

Comparison

ln total1

4.5 ± 1.2

4.0 ± 1.7

−0.50 ± 1.57

0.061

3.9 ± 1.2

3.9 ± 1.4

−0.11 ± 0.95

0.681

0.218

ln LF1

3.8 ± 1.3

3.0 ± 1.8

−0.79 ± 1.73

0.049*

3.2 ± 1.4

3.2 ± 1.5

−0.09 ± 0.96

0.715

0.133

ln HF1

3.8 ± 1.2

3.4 ± 1.7

−0.44 ± 1.67

0.136

3.1 ± 1.3

3.1 ± 1.5

−0.85 ± 1.17

0.915

0.304

BMI (kg/m2)

22.7 ± 4.0

21.1 ± 3.6

−1.56 ± 3.64

0.020*

21.7 ± 4.0

20.8 ± 3.9

−0.92 ± 2.17

0.022*

0.373

ALB (g/dL)

4.0 ± 0.3

3.9 ± 0.4

−0.03 ± 0.38

0.564

4.0 ± 0.4

3.9 ± 0.4

−0.15 ± 0.46

0.076

0.240

BS (mg/dL)

89.7 ± 17.4

87.6 ± 14.6

−1.7 ± 18.6

0.568

87.5 ± 15.5

87.7 ± 14.1

0.16 ± 16.2

0.957

0.654

LDL-C (mg/dL)

119.0 ± 33.2

115.6 ± 36.2

−2.3 ± 39.0

0.717

108.4 ± 29.6

110.2 ± 27.3

1.7 ± 29.2

0.740

0.631

TC (mg/dL)

200.4 ± 42.2

190.4 ± 42.2

−10.4 ± 52.1

0.291

183.9 ± 32.0

186.3 ± 35.1

2.4 ± 27.2

0.620

0.421

TG (mg/dL)

118.9 ± 91.1

100.0 ± 48.0

−18.9 ± 93.1

0.212

86.0 ± 43.2

96.1 ± 40.8

10.2 ± 46.2

0.223

0.096

HDL-C (mg/dL)

60.4 ± 16.6

70.3 ± 18.0

9.92 ± 18.2

0.002*

55.9 ± 13.2

64.0 ± 18.9

8.1 ± 13.5

0.002*

0.635

CPZeq2 (mg)

1229 ± 750

1008 ± 646

−221 ± 576

0.031*

1162 ± 792

1075 ± 810

−86.7 ± 489

0.323

0.302

BPDeq2 (mg)

2.9 ± 1.9

2.3 ± 1.7

−0.63 ± 1.7

0.018*

1.6 ± 1.6

1.7 ± 1.7

0.15 ± 1.8

0.623

0.061

DZPeq2 (mg)

10.1 ± 6.9

8.6 ± 6.9

−1.5 ± 6.4

0.190

9.3 ± 7.4

9.1 ± 7.4

−0.12 ± 6.6

0.914

0.379

GAF score

28.9 ± 3.1

27.9 ± 4.1

−1.1 ± 3.1

0.444

29.2 ± 2.2

29.4 ± 2.1

0.15 ± 1.5

0.572

0.040*

  1. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation
  2. *Significant difference p < 0.05
  3. 1Logarithmic conversion was performed
  4. 2The daily dose of antipsychotics was converted to the approximate respective equivalent dose
  5. LF Low frequency, HF High frequency, BMI Body mass index, ALB Albumin, BS Blood sugar, LDL-C Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CPZeq Equivalent conversions of chlorpromazine, BDPeq Equivalent conversions of biperiden, DZP Equivalent conversions of diazepam, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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