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Table 7 Risk factors for maternal depression at 6 months postpartum

From: Sociodemographic and delivery risk factors for developing postpartum depression in a sample of 3233 mothers from the Czech ELSPAC study

Risk factor

Frequency

Univariate analysis

  

Odds ratio

p-value

Odds ratio

p-value

Personal or family history of depression

Personal history of depression

167 (5.2%)

2.9 (2.0; 4.3)

<0.001

1.5 (0.8; 2.9)

0.235

Mother of the expectant mother had a personal history of depression

553 (19.0%)

1.5 (1.2; 2.0)

0.003

1.3 (0.9; 2.1)

0.196

Father of the expectant mother had a personal history of depression

154 (5.3%)

1.5 (0.9; 2.4)

0.095

1.3 (0.7; 2.4)

0.431

Factors at the time of pregnancy or delivery

Unintentional pregnancy

1566 (48.7%)

1.2 (0.9; 1.5)

0.136

1.1 (0.7; 1.6)

0.806

Mother felt unhappy about being pregnant

164 (5.2%)

2.3 (1.5; 3.4)

<0.001

2.5 (1.3; 4.7)

0.005

Primiparous

1570 (48.6%)

0.8 (0.6; 1.0)

0.029

0.6 (0.4; 0.9)

0.016

Gender of the child – male

1678 (51.9%)

1.0 (0.8; 1.2)

0.933

1.0 (0.7; 1.4)

0.863

Preterm birth (less than 38 weeks)

83 (3.3%)

0.9 (0.4; 2.0)

0.854

0.3 (0.1; 1.7)

0.187

C-section

241 (7.6%)

1.3 (0.9; 2.0)

0.175

1.1 (0.5; 2.3)

0.772

Newborn transfer to ICU

153 (4.9%)

1.1 (0.7; 1.9)

0.626

1.7 (0.6; 5.0)

0.322

No breastfeeding

563 (18.4%)

1.4 (1.0; 1.8)

0.025

1.5 (1.0; 2.3)

0.074

Mother under 18 years

41 (1.3%)

0.2 (0.0; 1.6)

0.135

1.0 (0.1; 8.2)

0.997

Education – secondarya

1420 (44.4%)

0.8 (0.6; 1.1)

0.167

0.8 (0.5; 1.4)

0.445

Education – primary a

1167 (36.5%)

1.1 (0.8; 1.5)

0.645

0.8 (0.5; 1.3)

0.359

Factors at the time of questionnaire

Family savings

1274 (56.9%)

0.7 (0.6; 1.0)

0.034

0.8 (0.5; 1.1)

0.154

Mother living alone

88 (2.7%)

4.0 (2.5; 6.4)

<0.001

2.2 (0.9; 5.3)

0.075

Psychosocial stressorsb

5.0 (0.0; 20.0)

1.13 (1.11; 1.15)

<0.001

1.06 (1.04; 1.09)

<0.001

  1. aWe used college education as a reference value
  2. bThis variable includes 35 questions regarding psychosocial stressors (the scale is 0-140 point), we stated median and a 5-95% percentile