Table 1 Demographic data and clinical Information

Age, years (range)

40.6 ± 9.5 (22–58)

44.1 ± 9.2

37.9 ± 9.1

36.8 ± 11.0 (20–53)

1.385

55

0.172

2.112

36

0.042

0.338

40

0.737

Duration of education, years

12.4 ± 2.7

11.9 ± 2.2

12.9 ± 3.1

14.4 ± 2.0

2.965

55

0.004

3.673

36

0.001

1.939

40

0.060

Substance abuse, Alcohol/Others/Both

2/6/2

1/3/0

1/3/2

0/0/0

Age of onset

25.4 ± 7.2

26.3 ± 8.5

24.7 ± 6.1

22.0 ± 6.7

1.834

55

0.072

1.743

36

0.090

1.398

40

0.170

Duration of illness, years

15.6 ± 10.0

18.0 ± 10.6

13.8 ± 9.3

15.0 ± 10.4

0.227

55

0.822

0.854

36

0.399

0.403

40

0.689

Duration of untreated psychosis, months

26.2 ± 41.8

36.2 ± 55.3

18.3 ± 26.2

18.8 ± 36.3

465

0.219

216

0.202

249

0.429

Duration of medication a , years

13.2 ± 10.2

14.4 ± 10.5

12.2 ± 10.1

13.6 ± 10.1

0.164

55

0.870

0.233

36

0.817

0.457

40

0.650

Medication dose, mg ^d

706.9 ± 606.4

682.3 ± 543.7

726.3 ± 665.7

477.3 ± 434.8

476.5

0.164

212.5

0.235

264

0.249

Medication type, Typical/Atypical/Both/Non

2/18/13/1

1/5/8/1

1/13/5/1

2/12/4/5

7.000

3

0.072 ^f

5.883

3

0.117 ^f

7.041

3

0.071 ^f

PANSS ^e

Positive

12.2 ± 4.8

14.3 ± 5.3

10.5 ± 3.8

9.4 ± 3.6

2.356

55

0.022

3.445

36

0.001

0.952

40

0.347

Negative

17.1 ± 7.0

19.7 ± 6.7

15.0 ± 6.8

14.7 ± 6.2

1.292

55

0.202

2.344

36

0.025

0.130

40

0.897

Disorganization

8.4 ± 3.2

9.2 ± 3.4

7.7 ± 2.9

6.8 ± 3.7

1.737

55

0.088

2.020

36

0.051

0.910

40

0.368

Depressive

6.7 ± 2.6

7.4 ± 2.9

6.1 ± 2.3

7.0 ± 3.2

0.420

55

0.676

0.395

36

0.695

1.024

40

0.312

Excitement

8.3 ± 3.5

8.4 ± 3.4

8.2 ± 3.8

6.7 ± 3.0

1.775

55

0.081

1.627

36

0.112

1.450

40

0.155

Intracranial volume, ml

1619.8 ± 154.2

1589.4 ± 173.6

1643.7 ± 137.1

1618.0 ± 136.8

0.045

55

0.964

0.565

36

0.576

0.606

40

0.548