Longitudinal trends in self-reported anxiety. Effects of age and birth cohort during 25 years

BMC Psychiatry

Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for self-reported anxiety in males aged 16–71 years in Sweden in 1980/81–2004/05, estimated using mixed models with random intercepts

		Unadjusted model		Adjusted model
Variable	Category	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Fixed effects
Rate of change
OR by age¹	Age centered at 42 years	1.04	1.03–1.05	1.05	1.04–1.06
Agec*cohortc		0.9994	0.998–1.000	0.9993	0.9987–1.00002
Agec-squared		0.998	0.997–0.999	0.998	0.997–0.999
OR by cohort²	Cohort centered at 1950	1.03	1.02–1.04	1.04	1.03–1.05
Education level	High			1	Reference
	Intermediate			1.01	0.79–1.28
	Low			0.96	0.74–1.23
Urbanization	Large cities			1	Reference
	Medium towns			0.91	0.72–1.16
	Small towns			0.68	0.53–0.88
Marital status	Married/cohabiting			1	Reference
Marital status	All others			2.03	1.65–2.51
Smoking	Non-smokers			1	Reference
Smoking	Daily smokers			1.71	1.38–2.14
Leisure time physical activity	More than once a week			1	Reference
Leisure time physical activity	None to once a week			1.67	1.39–2.02
Body mass index	Normal			1	Reference
	Overweight			0.88	0.72–1.09
	Obesity			1.23	0.85–1.79
Variance components		Variance	Standard error	Variance	Standard error
	Var (cons)	3.33	0.38	3.02	0.35

Agec, age-centered; cohortc, cohort-centered
Agec*cohortc represents interaction
OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval
¹OR by increasing age and ²OR by later/younger cohort
Unadjusted model included agec, cohortc, the age-by-cohort interaction, and age-squared
Adjusted model also included education level, urbanization, marital status, smoking, leisure time physical activity, and body mass index

ISSN: 1471-244X