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Table 2 Mapping items of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) based on the ICD-10, ICD-11, DSM-IV, four-factor Emotional Numbing, and five-factor Dysphoric-Arousal models

From: The factor structures and correlates of PTSD in post-conflict Timor-Leste: an analysis of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire

Symptom Cluster

Symptoms

Item

Corresponding item

Number (n = 2964)

%

ICD-10

ICD-11

DSM-IV

EN model

DA model

Intrusion

Intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, disturbing dreams

1

Recurrent thoughts or memories of the most hurtful or terrifying events

463

15.6

I

-

I

I

I

 

2

Feeling as though the event is happening again

194

6.5

I

I

I

I

I

 

3

Recurrent nightmares

163

5.5

I

I

I

I

I

Physical/psychological reactions to reminders of trauma

16

Psychological distress when reminded of trauma

176

5.9

I

-

I

I

I

 

17

Physiological reactivity to reminders of traumatic event

141

4.8

I

-

I

I

I

Avoidance

Internal avoidance

11

Avoiding activities that remind you of the traumatic or hurtful event.

198

6.7

A

A

AN

A

A

External avoidance

15

Avoiding thoughts or feelings associated with traumatic or hurtful event

170

5.7

A

A

AN

A

A

Numbing

Diminished interest

4

Feeling detached or withdrawn from people

260

8.8

-

-

AN

N

N

 

5

Unable to show emotions

181

6.1

-

-

AN

N

N

 

12

Inability to remember parts of the most hurtful or traumatic events

124

4.2

H

-

AN

N

N

 

13

Less interest in daily activities

247

8.3

-

-

AN

N

N

Foreshortened future

14

Feeling as if you do not have a future

383

12.9

-

-

AN

N

N

Hyperarousal

Anxious arousal

6

Feeling jumpy or easily startled

622

21.0

H

H

H

H

AA

 

9

Feeling on guard

617

20.8

H

H

H

H

AA

Dysphoric Arousal

7

Difficulty in concentrating

403

13.6

H

-

H

H

DA

 

8

Trouble sleeping

621

21.0

H

-

H

H

DA

 

10

Feeling irritable or having outbursts of anger

410

13.8

H

-

H

H

DA

  1. Abbreviations: I Intrusion, A Avoidance, N numbing, AN Avoidance/Numbing, H hyperarousal, AA Anxious Arousal, DA Dysphoric Arousal