Table 1 Item level descriptive statistics
WEMWBS item | None of the time, % (n) | Rarely, % (n) | Some of the time, % (n) | Often, % (n) | All of the time, % (n) | Mean (SD) | Skewness (z-score) | Kurtosis (z-score) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. I’ve been feeling optimistic about the future | 8.9 (69) | 31.8 (248) | 39.7 (309) | 17.6 (137) | 2.1 (16) | 2.72 (.92) | 0.69 | - 2.27 |
2. I’ve been feeling useful | 7.4 (58) | 31.9 (249) | 41.3 (326) | 17.4 (136) | 1.4 (11) | 2.73 (.88) | 0.17 | - 2.10 |
3. I’ve been feeling relaxed | 10.7 (83) | 43.4 (338) | 35.6 (277) | 9.3 (72) | 1.0 (8) | 2.47 (.84) | 3.38 | - 0.29 |
4. I’ve been feeling interested in other people | 3.6 (28) | 21.3 (167) | 39.9 (313) | 28.1 (220) | 7.1 (56) | 3.14 (.95) | −0.34 | - 2.29 |
5. I’ve had energy to spare | 29.3 (230) | 42.1 (331) | 22.0 (173) | 5.9 (46) | 0.8 (6) | 2.07 (.90) | 6.90 | - 0.36 |
6. I’ve been dealing with problems well | 7.3 (57) | 26.4 (207) | 48.3 (378) | 16.3 (128) | 1.7 (13) | 2.79 (.86) | - 1.22 | - 0.43 |
7. I’ve been thinking clearly | 4.6 (36) | 18.7 (147) | 47.5 (373) | 23.4 (184) | 5.7 (45) | 3.07 (.91) | - 0.55 | - 0.01 |
8. I’ve been feeling good about myself | 16.2 (127) | 37.6 (295) | 34.6 (271) | 10.2 (80) | 1.4 (11) | 2.43 (.93) | 2.82 | - 1.89 |
9. I’ve been feeling close to other people | 6.0 (47) | 22.2 (175) | 35.6 (280) | 28.8 (227) | 7.4 (58) | 3.09 (1.02) | - 1.25 | - 3.10 |
10. I’ve been feeling confident | 19.6 (154) | 41.1 (323) | 27.4 (215) | 10.1 (79) | 1.8 (14) | 2.33 (.96) | 5.30 | - 1.28 |
11. I’ve been able to make up my own mind about things | 3.9 (31) | 19.2 (151) | 43.4 (341) | 24.6 (193) | 8.9 (70) | 3.15 (.96) | 0.28 | - 0.15 |
12. I’ve been feeling loved | 7.3 (57) | 19.0 (149) | 29.9 (235) | 27.4 (215) | 16.5 (130) | 3.27 (1.16) | - 2.07 | - 4.53 |
13. I’ve been interested in new things | 18.8 (147) | 34.5 (270) | 28.8 (225) | 13.8 (108) | 4.1 (32) | 2.50 (1.07) | 4.39 | - 2.84 |
14. I’ve been feeling cheerful | 3.3 (26) | 29.5 (231) | 51.3 (402) | 14.4 (113) | 1.5 (12) | 2.81 (.77) | 1.17 | 0.87 |