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Table 1 Scale scores (mean ± S.D.) of the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and the Hypomanic Checklist-32 in healthy volunteers (controls, n = 40), bipolar I (BD I, n = 30) and II (BD II, n = 20) disorder patients

From: Inhibitory brainstem reflexes under external emotional-stimuli in bipolar I and II disorders

 

Controls

BD I

BD II

Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory

8.88 ± 6.00

10.40 ± 5.93

25.00 ± 5.80a,b

Mood Disorder Questionnaire

4.33 ± 3.08

9.73 ± 1.23a

4.70 ± 2.05b

Hypomanic Checklist-32

14.88 ± 4.15

22.5 ± 1.33a

20.70 ± 2.43a,b

  1. a p < .05 vs. Healthy controls; b p < .05 vs. BD I