Acculturation and other risk factors of depressive disorders in individuals with Turkish migration backgrounds

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Study sample characteristics and 12-month prevalence rates of depressive disorders by risk factors

	Frequency		Any depressive disorder	MDD	Dysthymia
	n	%	%	%	%
Total	662	100	29.0	14.4	14.7
Gender
Male	276	41.7	23.2	10.5	12.7
Female	386	58.3	33.2	17.1	16.1
Age, y
18–29	139	21.0	22.3	11.5	10.8
30–49	385	58.2	27.3	14.3	13.0
50–65	138	20.8	40.6	17.4	23.2
Education
Low	257	38.8	35.4	14.8	20.6
Moderate	161	24.3	30.4	17.4	13.0
High	244	36.9	21.3	11.9	9.4
Income, €
≤ 921	360	65.2	33.1	15.0	18.1
922–1417	117	21.2	25.6	11.1	14.5
> 1418	75	13.6	21.3	14.7	6.7
Cultural identity
Turkish	295	45.7	28.1	12.5	15.6
German	9	1.4	33.3	22.2	11.1
German-Turk^a	188	29.1	30.9	17.0	13.8
Other identity	153	23.7	28.8	14.4	14.4
Mother tongue
Turkish	534	81.8	30.1	15.5	14.6
German	17	2.6	23.5	5.9	17.6
Both	63	9.6	23.8	11.1	12.7
Other language	39	6.0	25.6	10.3	15.4
Language proficiency
Turkish	61	9.3	34.4	14.8	21.3
German	4	0.6	25.0	25.0	0.0
Both	590	90.1	28.5	14.4	14.1
Nativity
Turkey	502	76.9	30.7	15.3	15.3
Germany	151	23.1	24.5	11.9	12.6
Migration generation
1st generation	502	76.9	30.7	15.3	15.3
2nd generation	151	23.1	24.5	11.9	12.6
Length of residency, y
German-born	151	23.7	24.5	11.9	12.6
≤ 10	59	9.2	27.1	10.2	16.9
10–20	124	19.4	27.4	17.6	15.3
21–30	102	16.0	31.4	18.3	13.7
> 30	202	31.7	34.2	11.9	15.8
Age at immigration, y
German-born	151	23.7	24.5	11.9	12.6
≤ 13	118	18.5	34.7	17.8	11.9
13–18	118	18.5	29.8	19.5	15.3
18–25	148	23.2	27.0	24.2	16.9
> 25	103	16.1	29.8	10.7	17.5
Citizenship
Turkish	415	63.5	28.4	13.7	14.7
German	184	28.4	32.8	18.3	14.5
Both	53	8.1	22.6	7.5	15.1

ISSN: 1471-244X