From: The effect of youth assertive community treatment: a systematic PRISMA review
Reference | Main results | Psychiatric disorders in sample (%) | Follow-up (months) | Assessment instruments | Effect sizea & 95% CIb | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adrian & Smith (2014) [46] | Youth-ACT with hospital care and without hospital care was associated with reductions in severity of psychiatric symptoms. Larger effect sizes were found for psychotic symptoms, ASD and mood disorders than for self-harm, eating, and neurotic disorders | Mood: | 33 | P-Tc | HoNOSCA | Reduction HoNOSCA Sum-scores Both groups: Patients that needed inpatient care during ACT treatment: Patients with only ACT: | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) |
Anxiety: | 26 | ||||||
Psychotic: | 21 | ||||||
Self-harm: | 12 | ||||||
ASD: | 2 | ||||||
Eating: | 2 | ||||||
Other: | 10 | ||||||
Baier et al. (2013) [6] | Youth-ACT is associated with reduction of psychiatric symptoms | Psychotic: | 51 | P-Tc | HoNOSCA | Reduction HoNOSCA Sum-scores: Disruptive behaviour: Hyperactivity: Self-injury: Substance abuse: Hallucinations: Non-organic: Emotional: | 1.3 (0.8, 1.8) 0.1 (−0.4, 0.5) 0.3 (−0,1, 0.8) 0.7 (0.2, 1.1) 0.2 (−0.2, 0.6) 1.0 (0.5, 1.4) 0.2 (−0.3, 0.7) 0.8 (0.3, 1.3) |
Schizophrenia: | 23 | ||||||
Mood: | 14 | ||||||
Anxiety: | 9 | ||||||
Conduct: | 26 | ||||||
Godley et al. (2002) [49] | Preliminary outcomes of Godley et al. (2006) [50]. Significantly more abstinent from marijuana in youth-ACT + Usual Continuing Care (UCC) group compared to only UCC | Substance: | 100 | 3 | GAIN TLFB Urine tests Breath-analyser Interviews | Alcohol use: Abstinence at follow-up: Marijuana, 3 months: | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) 0.4 (0.1, 0.8) |
Godley et al. (2006) [50] | Significantly more long-term abstinent from marijuana in youth-ACT + Usual Continuing Care (UCC) compared to only UCC | Substance: | 100 | 3, 6, 9 | GAIN TLFB Urine tests Breath-analyser Interviews | Abstinence at follow-up: Alcohol, 3 and 9 months: Marijuana, 3 and 9 months both: Other drugs, 3 months: 9 months: | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) 0.3 (0.0, 0.6) 0.2 (−0.1, 0.5) 0.1 (−0.1, 0.3) |
Mood: | 38 | ||||||
Anxiety: | 38 | ||||||
PTSD: | 36 | ||||||
ADHD: | 57 | ||||||
Conduct: | 67 | ||||||
Godley et al. (2010) [51] | Youth-ACT had no additional effect on substance disorders compared to outpatient treatment only | Alcohol: | 49 | 3, 6, 9, 12 | GAIN substance problem scale Urine tests | Additional effect of youth-ACT in symptom reducing | 0.1 (−0.2, 0.4) |
Marijuana: | 75 | ||||||
Mood: | 28 | ||||||
Anxiety: | 8 | ||||||
PTSD: | 19 | ||||||
ADHD: | 34 | ||||||
Conduct: | 42 | ||||||
Godley et al. (2015) [52] | Significantly more long-term abstinent from marijuana and alcohol in youth-ACT compared to only Usual Continuing Care (UCC) | Alcohol: | 58 | 3, 6, 9, 12 | GAIN substance problem scale Urine tests Breathalyzer | Abstinence at follow-up: Alcohol: 12 months: Marijuana: 12 months: Other drug: 12 months: | 0.3 (0.1, 0.8) 0.3 (0.0, 0.6) 0.3 (0.0, 0.6) |
Marijuana: | 91 | ||||||
Mood: | 32 | ||||||
Anxiety: | 46 | ||||||
PTSD: | 33 | ||||||
ADHD: | 49 | ||||||
Conduct: | 65 | ||||||
McFarlane et al. (2014) [40] | Youth-ACT was superior in reducing positive, negative, disorganized symptoms and general symptoms in adolescents compared to community care | Substance: | 8 | 6, 12, 24 | SIPS SCID-I/CV | Symptom reduction: Positive symptoms: Negative symptoms: Disorganized: | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) 0.3 (0.0, 0.5) 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) |
Mood: | 42 | ||||||
Anxiety: | 8 | ||||||
PTSD: | 8 | ||||||
OCD: | 7 | ||||||
Psychosis: | 13 | ||||||
McGarvey et al. (2014) [41] | Youth-ACT reduces marijuana use but does not reduce alcohol use | Substance or co-occurring disorder: | NRd | 3, 6, 12 | GAIN Drug tests | Reduction in days marijuana use at follow-up: Boys at 3 months: 6 months: 12 months: Girls at 3 months: 6 month: 12 months: Alcohol use: Boys at 3 months: 12 months: Girls at 3 months: 12 months: | 0.6 (0.3, 0.9) 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) 0.6 (0.3, 0.8) 0.4 (0.1, 0.8) 0.7 (0.0, 1.1) 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) 0.2 (0.0, 0.5) 0.2 (0.0, 0.5) 0.1 (−0.4, 0.7) 0.1 (−0.4, 0.6) |
Schley et al. (2008) [42] | Pre-treatment compared to post-treatment showed significant reduction in suicidality and deliberate self-harm behaviour | Substance: | 31 | P-Tc | Structured audit questionnaire developed by youth-ACT team | Suicidality: Deliberate self-harm: | 2.1 (1.4, 2.8) 2.5 (1.7, 3.3) |
Mood: | 40 | ||||||
Anxiety | 22 | ||||||
Psychotic: | 9 | ||||||
ADHD/Disrupt.: | 38 | ||||||
Eating: | 9 | ||||||
Other: | 18 | ||||||
Urben et al. (2015) [8] | Reduction in severity of psychiatric symptoms (pre-treatment compared to post-treatment) | Internalizing: | 36 | P-Tc | HoNOSCA | Reduction in HoNOSCA-scores: Externalizing scale: Emotional scale | 0.3 (−0.1, 0.5) 0.6 (−0.3, 0.8) |
Externalizing: | 27 | ||||||
Mix: | 37 | ||||||
Urben et al. (2016) [43] | Reduction in severity of psychiatric Symptoms. | Mood: | 30 | 3, 6, 9 | HoNOSCA | Reduction in HoNOSCA Sum-scores: Emotional scale: | 0.6 (0.0, 1.2) 0.6 (0.0, 1.2) |
Anxiety: | 19 | ||||||
Conduct disorder: | 17 | ||||||
Psychosis: | 11 | ||||||
Personality disorder: | 4 |