Table 1 Summary of key demographic information of participants
|  | Patients with depression (n = 71) | Healthy Controls (n = 71) | Statistics | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) or Mean (SD) | N (%) or Mean (SD) | |||
Condition | ||||
 Success | 35 (49.3%) | 34 (47.9%) | χ2(1) = .03 | .87 |
 Failure | 36 (50.7%) | 37 (52.1%) |  |  |
Age | 41.71 (12.9) | 38.82 (11.8) | t(138)Â =Â 1.39 | .17 |
Gender | ||||
 Female | 40 (56.3%) | 43 (60.6%) | χ2(1) = .26 | .61 |
 Male | 31 (43.7%) | 28 (39.4%) |  |  |
Ethnicity | ||||
 Chinese | 52 (73.2%) | 51 (71.8%) | χ2(2) = 8.03 | .09 |
 Malay | 7 (9.9%) | 14 (19.7%) |  |  |
 Indian, Caucasian and others | 12 (16.9%) | 6 (8.5%) |  |  |
Education | ||||
 High School or below | 31 (43.7%) | 12 (16.9%) | χ2(1) = 22.74 | .000*** |
 Pre-University or above | 33 (46.5%) | 59 (83.1%) |  |  |
Housing Type | ||||
 1–2 to 3–room flat | 22 (31.0%) | 7 (9.9%) | χ2(1) = 10.55 | .014** |
 4–5 room flat or private housing | 49 (69.0%) | 64 (90.1%) |  |  |
Living arrangement | ||||
 Living alone | 8 (12.7%) | 3 (4.2%) | χ2(1) = 2.46 | .12 |
 Not living alone | 63 (88.7%) | 68 (95.8%) |  |  |
Marital status | ||||
 Married | 37 (52.1%) | 42 (59.1%) | χ2(2) = .98 | .61 |
 Single | 29 (40.8%) | 26 (36.6%) |  |  |
 Divorced | 5 (7.0%) | 3 (4.2%) |  |  |
DASS | ||||
 DASS Anxiety | 7.72 (5.37) | 2.38 (2.16) | t(140) = 7.77 | .000*** |
 DASS Depression | 9.86 (6.22) | 2.21 (2.88) | t(140) = 9.40 | .000*** |