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Table 3 Impact of Antenatal depressive symptoms on each of perinatal complications

From: Antenatal depressive symptoms and perinatal complications: a prospective study in rural Ethiopia

 

Potential perinatal complications

OR (95% CI)

 

Mild Depression

Major depression

Risk/protective factors

Pregnancy complications

Edema

2.86 (1.95, 4.17)

2.15 (1.19, 3.88)

aMild Alcohol use

Blurred vision

2.11 (1.54, 2.91)

1.33 (0.80, 2.20)

a(IPV, LTET, history perinatal mortality)

Severe headache

1.81 (1.34, 2.45)

2.47 (1.57, 3.90)

a(Primary schooling, increased LTET)

Severe abdominal pain

2.41 (1.78, 3.27)

1.96 (1.23, 3.13)

 

Abnormal discharge

2.17 (1.48, 3.20)

1.78 (0.98, 3.24)

bHigh income

Burning sensation at urination

1.50 (1.04, 2.18)

2.24 (1.32, 3.79)

 

One or more of any symptoms

2.47 (1.81, 3.38)

2.34 (1.44, 3.82)

b(ANC use and high income)

labour complications

Haemorrhage

1.94 (1.42, 2.64)

1.22 (0.75, 1.98)

b(secondary schooling and more)

Convulsion

1.49 (1.10, 2.01)

1.21 (0.76, 1.91)

bhigher parity, †pregnancy complications

Severe headache

1.87 (1.36, 2.57)

1.72 (1.07, 2.78)

bprimary schooling, †pregnancy comps.

Unconsciousness

1.51 (0.99, 2.29)

1.39 (0.74, 2.61)

apregnancy complications

Fever

2.01 (1.47, 2.74)

1.88 (1.17, 2.99)

bPrimary schooling, ×parity, †preg. comps

Premature Rupture of Membrane

2.00 (1.21, 3.31)

1.26 (0.56, 2.83)

ahaving comorbid conditions

Prolonged labour

2.10 (1.48, 2.96)

1.62 (0.95, 2.76)

aANC Use, ×parity, †pregnancy comps.

Tear

1.01 (0.56, 1.83)

1.72 (0.82, 3.61)

aMild Alcohol use, ×parity, †preg. comps.

Retained placenta (30 min)

1.66 (1.11, 2.49)

1.29 (0.69, 2.42)

apregnancy comps.

One or more of any symptoms

2.12 (1.48, 3.04)

1.20 (0.71, 2.01)

bparity, †pregnancy comps.

postnatal complications

Haemorrhage

1.51 (1.11, 2.06)

1.98 (1.23, 3.20)

bRural, †medium income, †primary schooling, †unwanted pregnancy, †history perinatal mortality

Edema

2.18 (1.23, 3.87)

3.03 (1.36, 6.75)

aIntimate partner violence, †labour comps.

Blurred vision

1.72 (1.24, 2.39)

1.87 (1.15, 3.04)

bRural, ×increased income and education, †mistimed pregnancy, †labour comps.

Convulsion

1.71 (1.22, 2.41)

1.59 (0.94, 2.68)

bRural, ≥secondary schooling, †labour comp.

Severe headache

1.40 (1.01, 1.94)

2.95 (1.81, 4.78)

bPrim schooling, †increased LTET, †labour comps

Unconsciousness

2.27 (1.10, 4.70)

2.98 (1.16, 7.64)

aincreased LTET, †labour complications

Severe abdominal pain

1.54 (1.13, 2.11)

1.87 (1.16, 3.01)

bAlcohol use, ×high income, †labour comps

Abnormal discharge

1.35 (0.92, 1.99)

1.59 (0.90, 2.80)

alabour comps

Burning sensation at urination

1.20 (0.84, 1.71)

3.20 (1.97, 5.19)

bhigher income, †secondary schooling, †labour comps

Fever

1.74 (1.24, 2.43)

2.45 (1.49, 4.02)

Incm3-, increased labour comps

One or more of any symptoms

1.33 (0.94, 1.88)

4.16 (2.11, 8.20)

bMild alcohol use, ×high income and education, ×use of ANC, †labour comps

neonatal complications

Difficulty or Fast Breathing

1.67 (1.07, 2.60)

2.19 (1.18, 4.06)

aIntimate partner violence

Yellow Skin/Eye Color (Jaundice)

1.34 (0.64, 2.79)

0.95 (0.30, 3.05)

bIncreased parity, †unwanted pregnancy, † history perinatal mortality

Poor Sucking or Feeding

0.72 (0.32, 1.61)

1.38 (0.54, 3.53)

aMild alcohol use

Pus, Bleeding, around Umbilical Cord

1.61 (1.08, 2.40)

1.66 (0.91, 3.01)

bHigh income

Skin Lesions Or Blisters

1.38 (0.89, 2.15)

1.08 (0.53, 2.20)

aComorbid conditions

Convulsions/Spasms/Rigidity

2.08 (1.33, 3.26)

1.79 (0.90, 3.53)

a history perinatal mortality

Lethargy/Unconsciousness

1.19 (0.51, 2.78)

1.75 (0.59, 5.19)

 

Red or Swollen Eyes With Pus

1.54 (1.14, 2.07)

1.52 (0.95, 2.43)

bHigh income

Difficulty or Fast Breathing

1.67 (1.07, 2.60)

2.19 (1.18, 4.06)

aintimate partner violence

  1. Reference group: women with minimal depression; a = risk factor; b = protective factor
  2. After controlling for alcohol use, residence, marital status, family income, educational level, intimate partner violence (IPV), life threatening events (LTET), parity, pregnancy intention, previous history of adverse events, pregnancy complications and chronic medical conditions.
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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