HRV-biofeedback | p-value | Control | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abstinent (n=10) | Relapse (n=5) | Abstinent (n=6) | Relapse (n=6) | |||
Demographic factors | ||||||
Age (years) | 44.0±6.0 | 39.8±9,3 | 0.37 | 44.0±5.3 | 43.3±12.7 | 0.9 |
Gender (%) | 80 m, 20 f | 40 m, 60 f | 0.13 | 83.3 m, 16.7 f | 83.3 m, 16.7 f | 1.0 |
Smoking (%) | 80 | 80 | 1.0 | 83.3 | 66.7 | 0.5 |
Psychometric characteristics | ||||||
Craving at baseline | 15.2±13.1 | 11.9±11.3 | 0.62 | 10.0±5.4 | 10.2±1.8 | 0.94 |
Craving post-intervention | 10.0±10.0 | 8.8±8.8 | 0.85 | 6.5±4.9 | 5.5±5.4 | 1.0 |
Anxiety at baseline | 6.0±3.8 | 6.2±5.2 | 0.94 | 5.8±5.2 | 3.2±3.2 | 0.31 |
Anxiety post-intervention | 4.0±3.7 | 5.1±7.3 | 1.0 | 3.8±2.9 | 3.2±3.9 | 0.58 |
Depression at baseline | 9.4±7.3 | 11.3±9.0 | 0.69 | 9.5±7.2 | 8.2±5.8 | 0.73 |
Depression post-intervention | 5.4±5.1 | 10.5±10.8 | 0.37 | 6.7±5.5 | 6.5±6.3 | 0.81 |
Heart rate variability | ||||||
CVNN at baseline (%) | 3.5±1.1 | 5.1±2.1 | 0.15 | 3.6±0.7 | 4.9±1.6 | 0.11 |
CVNN post-intervention (%) | 4.5±1.21 | 5.5±1.7 | 0.27 | 3.5±1.3 | 5.4±2.7 | 0.16 |
HF at baseline (ms2) | 222.8±258.8 | 606.6±1331.2 | 0.2 | 193.1±182.5 | 310.4±312.3 | 0.81 |
HF post-intervention (ms2) | 93.4±101.5 | 405.9±400.9 | 0.07 | 86.2±42.3 | 1074.8±1589.1 | 0.31 |
LF at baseline (ms2) | 229.9±122.7 | 681.96±811.4 | 0.16 | 260.6±216.0 | 674.9±665.8 | 0.18 |
LF post-intervention (ms2) | 546.5±409.5 | 615.82±573.9 | 0.85 | 343.9±317.2 | 1246.2±2444.4 | 0.81 |
TP at baseline (ms2) | 915.8±659.7 | 2332.2±2475.8 | 0.16 | 1255.3±1331.8 | 1425.4±1248.9 | 1.0 |
TP post-intervention (ms2) | 1138.3±597.7 | 1945.7±1773.6 | 0.44 | 713.9±539.3 | 2480.8±4048.6 | 0.39 |