Table 3 Pharmacological treatment options for the patient presenting with psychomotor agitation [21]
From: Protocol for the management of psychiatric patients with psychomotor agitation
Route of administration | Agent | Dose | Cause of agitation |
|---|---|---|---|
Antipsychotics | |||
Inhaled | Loxapine | 9.1 mg | Psychotic syndrome (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) |
Oral | Olanzapine | 5–10 mg | Undifferentiated agitation Medical illness (cognitive deterioration and confusion syndrome) Substance intoxication/abstinence Psychiatric illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mental retardation and autism spectrum disorder) |
Risperidone | 1–3 mg | ||
Asenapine | 5–10 mg | ||
Aripiprazole | 15–30 mg | ||
Quetiapine | 50–100 mg | ||
Ziprasidone | 20–40 mg | ||
Haloperidol | 5 mg | ||
Intramuscular | Haloperidol | 5–15 mg | |
Olanazapine | 5–10 mg | ||
Ziprasidone | 10 mg | ||
Aripiprazole | 9.75 mg | ||
Levomepromazine | 25 mg | ||
Benzodiazepines | |||
Oral | Diazepam | 5–10 mg | Abstinence from alcohol and/or BZD Psychiatric illness (anxiety disorder, affective disorder, personality and adjustment disorder) |
Clonazepam | 1–2 mg | ||
Lorazepam | 1 mg | ||
Intramuscular | Midazolam | 5 mg | |
Diazepam | 5–10 mg | ||