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Table 2 Univariate analysis of the factors associated with smartphone addiction between the two genders [n(%)]

From: Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: a cross-sectional study among medical college students

 

Males

Females

Smartphone addiction positive

Smartphone addiction negative

OR (95% CI)

p

Smartphone addiction positive

Smartphone addiction negative

OR (95% CI)

p

Age (years)

 ≤ 19

80(26.1)

226(73.9)

Ref.

 

92(25.7)

266(74.3)

Ref.

 

 ≥ 20

131(33.6)

259(66.4)

1.43 (1.03-1.99)

.034

126(32.6)

261(67.4)

1.40 (1.02-1.92)

.040

Residential source

 Rural

141(30.1)

328(69.9)

Ref.

 

127(27.7)

332(72.3)

Ref.

 

 Urban

70(30.8)

157(69.2)

1.04 (0.74-1.46)

.835

91(31.8)

195(68.2)

1.22 (0.88-1.68)

.226

Monthly cost for living

 ≤ 800 RMB

60(28.3)

152(71.7)

Ref.

 

74(26.2)

208(73.8)

Ref.

 

 800–1200 RBM

109(29.4)

262(70.6)

1.05 (0.73-1.53)

.783

96(28.0)

247(72.0)

1.09 (0.77-1.56)

.625

 ≥ 1200 RMB

42(37.2)

71(62.8)

1.50 (0.92-2.43)

.101

48(40.0)

72(60.0)

1.87 (1.19-2.94)

.006

Phone calls/Text message

 Not main function

144(31.2)

317(68.8)

Ref.

 

163(34.3)

312(65.7)

Ref.

 

 Main function

67(28.5)

168(71.5)

0.88 (0.62-1.24)

.459

55(20.4)

215(79.6)

0.49 (0.35-0.70)

.000

Smartphone gaming

 Not main function

188(29.1)

459(70.9)

Ref.

 

216(29.4)

518(70.6)

Ref.

 

 Main function

23(46.9)

26(53.1)

2.16 (1.20-3.88)

.009

2(18.2)

9(81.8)

0.53 (0.11-2.49)

.631

Multimedia applications (Watching videos/Listening to music)

 Not main function

189(32.1)

399(67.9)

Ref.

 

174(27.9)

449(72.1)

Ref.

 

 Main function

22(20.4)

86(79.6)

0.54 (0.33-0.89)

.014

44(36.1)

78(63.9)

1.46 (0.97-2.19)

.071

Social networking services

 Not main function

139(28.5)

349(71.5)

Ref.

 

109(23.2)

361(76.8)

Ref.

 

 Main function

72(34.6)

136(65.4)

1.33 (0.94-1.88)

.107

109(39.6)

166(60.4)

2.18 (1.58-3.00)

.000

Internet surfing/reading

 Not main function

198(31.0)

441(69.0)

Ref.

 

211(29.7)

499(70.3)

Ref.

 

 Main function

13(22.8)

44(77.2)

0.66 (0.35-1.25)

.198

7(20.0)

28(80.0)

0.59 (0.25-1.38)

.217

Others

 Not main function

200(30.4)

457(69.6)

Ref.

 

211(29.6)

502(70.4)

Ref.

 

 Main function

11(28.2)

28(71.8)

0.90 (0.44-1.84)

.768

7(21.9)

25(78.1)

0.67 (0.28-1.56)

.348

Sleep quality

 Good sleep quality

98(21.0)

369(79.0)

Ref.

 

98(21.2)

364(78.8)

Ref.

 

 Poor sleep quality

113(49.3)

116(50.7)

3.67 (2.61-5.16)

.000

120(42.4)

163(57.6)

2.73 (1.98-3.78)

.000

Anxiety

 Negative

165(27.2)

442(72.8)

Ref.

 

187(26.9)

507(73.1)

Ref.

 

 Positive

46(51.7)

43(48.3)

2.87 (1.82-4.51)

.000

31(60.8)

20(39.2)

4.20 (2.34-7.56)

.000

Depressive

 Negative

127(25.3)

374(74.7)

Ref.

 

142(24.7)

433(75.3)

Ref.

 

 Positive

84(43.1)

111(56.9)

2.23 (1.57-3.16)

.000

76(44.7)

94(55.3)

2.47 (1.73-3.52)

.000