Measurement invariance testing of the PHQ-9 in a multi-ethnic population in Europe: the HELIUS study

BMC Psychiatry

Table 8 Linear regression: Residuals predicted by ethnicity^a

	Item:	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
		Unstandardized regression coefficients
Men:	Dutch (ref)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	South-Asian Surinamese	0.040	0.014	0.021	0.023	0.110	0.011	-0.072	-0.006	-0.083
	African Surinamese	0.133	0.056	0.017	-0.045	0.086	0.085	-0.053	0.041	-0.048
	Ghanaians	0.250	0.172	-0.000	0.207	0.178	0.050	0.021	0.050	-0.012
	Turks	0.016	-0.006	-0.033	0.033	0.083	-0.054	-0.051	0.058	-0.025
	Moroccans	0.058	-0.016	-0.014	-0.019	0.131	-0.043	-0.009	-0.024	0.000
	R²	0.008	0.005	0.000	0.007	0.004	0.004	0.001	0.001	0.001
Women:	Dutch (ref)	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
	South-Asian Surinamese	0.059	0.051	-0.070	0.019	0.010	-0.029	-0.030	0.022	-0.083
	African Surinamese	0.103	0.065	-0.016	0.016	0.063	-0.022	-0.007	0.019	-0.092
	Ghanaians	0.354	0.242	-0.077	0.120	0.128	0.054	0.004	0.113	-0.011
	Turks	0.095	0.046	-0.080	0.162	0.109	-0.057	-0.064	0.109	-0.069
	Moroccans	0.062	0.015	-0.073	0.114	0.105	-0.075	-0.017	0.017	-0.106
	R²	0.012	0.006	0.001	0.005	0.003	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.002

Bold coefficients were significant at p < 0.05, R² = explained variance by ethnicity variable
^aResiduals were obtained in a logistic regression models with PHQ-9 item scores as outcome variables, and PHQ-9 factor score as the predictor

ISSN: 1471-244X