Total sample n = 3142 | Hamburg (Germany) n = 511 | Ferrara (Italy) n = 518 | London (England) n = 496 | Madrid (Spain) n = 555 | Geneva (Switzerland) n = 520 | Jerusalem (Israel) n = 542 | P-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age: mean (SD) | 73.7 (5.6) | 73.7 (5.0) | 72.7 (5.3) | 74.4 (5.6) | 73.5 (6.0) | 73.2 (5.6) | 74.5 (5.6) | ||
Age categories: n (%) | 65–74 | 1715 (54.6) | 279 (54.6) | 343 (66.2) | 237 (47.8) | 296 (53.3) | 292 (56.2) | 268(49.4) | |
>75 | 1427 (45.4) | 232 (45.4) | 175 (33.8) | 259 (52.2) | 259 (46.7) | 228 (43.8) | 274 (50.6) | ||
Gender: n (%) | Female | 1592 (50.7) | 249 (48.7) | 233 (45.0) | 275 (55.4) | 288 (51.9) | 265 (51.0) | 282 (52.0) | |
Born in the country where the interview took place categories: n (%) | Yes | 2519 (80.2) | 473 (92.6) | 514 (99.2) | 473 (95.4) | 523 (94.2) | 336 (64.6) | 200 (36.9) | .001 |
Education: mean years of schooling (SD) | 10.3 (3.2) | 10.30 (2.0) | 8.9 (2.0) | 11.4 (1.7) | 8.0 (4.1) | 11.9 (1.9) | 11.4 (2.7) | .001 | |
Graduated from last school categories: n (%) | Yes | 2392 (77.2) | 485 (96.2) | 439 (88.7) | 342 (70.8) | 297 (53.5) | 433 (83.3) | 396 (73.2) | .001 |
Marital status categories: n (%) | Married | 1915 (61.0) | 314 (61.7) | 344 (66.5) | 301 (60.7) | 336 (60.5) | 304 (58.5) | 316 (58.3) | .003 |
Separated, Divorced Widowed | 1082 (34.5) | 178 (35.0) | 146 (28.2) | 166 (33.5) | 192 (34.6) | 186 (36.8) | 214 (39.5) | ||
Never married/other | 142 (4.5) | 17 (3.3) | 27 (5.2) | 29 (5.8) | 27 (4.9) | 30 (5.8) | 12 (2.2) | ||
Number of children: mean (SD) | 2.3 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.7 (0.9) | 2.3(1.4) | 2.5 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.2) | 3.4 (2.0) | .001 | |
Number of grandchildren: mean (SD) | 3.9 (5.8) | 2.4 (2.4) | 1.6 (1.6) | 3.8 (3.5) | 3.0 (3.1) | 2.6 (2.6) | 9.6 (10.8) | .001 | |
Number of household members: mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.5) | 1.0 (0.7) | 0.8 (0.6) | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.7) | .001 | |
Number of close significants: mean (SD) | 11.7 (11.2) | 12.5 (10.9) | 3.6 (4.2) | 9.6 (9.2) | 10.4 (9.2) | 16.7(11.3) | 17.4 (13.6) | .001 | |
Employment status | Retired | 2640 (84.6) | 481 (94.9) | 457 (90.5) | 435 (88.4) | 400 (72.2) | 465 (89.4) | 402 (74.4) | .001 |
Working | 227 (7.3) | 14 (2.8) | 15 (3.0) | 45 (9.1) | 13 (2.3) | 50 (9.6) | 90 (16.7) | ||
Homemaker | 224 (7.2) | 10 (2.0) | 27 (5.3) | 5 (1.0) | 137 (24.7) | 5 (1.0) | 40 (7.4) | ||
Unemployed | 8 (0.3) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 4 (0.7) | 0 | 3 (0.6) | ||
Other | 20 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (1.0) | 7 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 5 (0.9) | ||
Self-rated socioeconomic status: mean (SD) | 6.2 (1.7) | 6.6 (1.5) | 5.8 (1.6) | 6.4 (1.4) | 5.5 (1.8) | 6.9 (1.6) | 6.1 (1.8) | ||
Self-rated financial situation categories: n (%) | Very good | 356 (11.4) | 66 (13.0) | 11 (2.1) | 68 (13.8) | 15 (2.7) | 122 (23.5) | 71 (13.8) | .001 |
Good | 1372 (43.8) | 241 (47.3) | 148 (28.8) | 254 (51.4) | 150 (27.0) | 335 (64.4) | 244 (45.4) | ||
Sufficient | 1145 (36.6) | 184 (36.1) | 303 (58.9) | 150 (30.4) | 291 (52.4) | 51 (9.8) | 166 (30.9) | ||
Poor | 219 (7.0) | 14 (2.8) | 44 (8.6) | 20 (4.0) | 86 (15.5) | 11 (2.1) | 44 (8.2) | ||
Very poor | 37 (1.2) | 4 (0.8) | 8 (1.6) | 2 (0.4) | 13 (2.3) | 1 (0.2) | 9 (1.7) | ||
Self-rated religious affiliation categories: n (%) | Very important | 827 (26.5) | 106 (20.8) | 199 (38.9) | 116 (23.5) | 186 (33.5) | 75 (14.5) | 145 (27.0) | .001 |
Somewhat important | 957 (30.6) | 179 (35.2) | 157 (30.7) | 151 (30.6) | 168 (30.3) | 126 (24.3) | 176 (32.7) | ||
Not very important | 660 (21.1) | 117 (23.0) | 85 (16.6) | 105 (21.3) | 127 (22.9) | 144 (27.7) | 82 (15.2) | ||
Not at all important | 682 (21.8) | 107 (21.0) | 70 (13.7) | 122 (24.7) | 74 (13.3) | 174 (22.5) | 135 (25.1) |