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Table 1 Item mapping for the alternative latent structure models

From: The German version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): psychometric properties and diagnostic utility

 

DSM-5 model

Dysphoria model

Dysphoric Arousal model

Anhedonia model

Externalizing behavior model

Hybrid model

Three-Factor model

1. Intrusive thoughts

R

R

R

R

R

R

Factor 1

2. Nightmares

R

R

R

R

R

R

Factor 1

3. Flashbacks

R

R

R

R

R

R

Factor 1

4. Emotional cue reactivity

R

R

R

R

R

R

Factor 1

5. Physical cue reactivity

R

R

R

R

R

R

Factor 1

6. Avoidance of thoughts

A

A

A

A

A

A

Factor 1

7. Avoidance of reminders

A

A

A

A

A

A

Factor 1

8. Trauma-related amnesia

NACM

D

NACM

NACM

NACM

NA

Factor 3

9. Negative beliefs

NACM

D

NACM

NACM

NACM

NA

Factor 3

10. Distorted blame

NACM

D

NACM

NACM

NACM

NA

Factor 3

11. Persistent negative emotional state

NACM

D

NACM

NACM

NACM

NA

Factor 3

12. Lack of interest

NACM

D

NACM

AN

NACM

AN

Factor 2

13. Feeling detached

NACM

D

NACM

AN

NACM

AN

Factor 2

14. Inability to experience positive emotions

NACM

D

NACM

AN

NACM

AN

Factor 2

15. Irritable/ angry

AR

D

DA

DA

EB

EB

Factor 2

16. Recklessness

AR

AR

DA

DA

EB

EB

Factor 2

17. Hypervigilance

AR

AR

AA

AA

AA

AA

Factor 1

18. Exaggerated state

AR

AR

AA

AA

AA

AA

Factor 1

19. Difficulty concentrating

AR

D

DA

DA

DA

DA

Factor 1

20. Sleep disturbance

AR

D

DA

DA

DA

DA

Factor 1

  1. Note: R re-experiencing, A avoidance, NACM negative alterations in cognitions and mood, AR alterations in arousal and reactivity, AN anhedonia, DA dysphoric arousal, AA anxious arousal, NA negative affect, EB externalizing behaviour