DSM-5 model | Dysphoria model | Dysphoric Arousal model | Anhedonia model | Externalizing behavior model | Hybrid model | Three-Factor model | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Intrusive thoughts | R | R | R | R | R | R | Factor 1 |
2. Nightmares | R | R | R | R | R | R | Factor 1 |
3. Flashbacks | R | R | R | R | R | R | Factor 1 |
4. Emotional cue reactivity | R | R | R | R | R | R | Factor 1 |
5. Physical cue reactivity | R | R | R | R | R | R | Factor 1 |
6. Avoidance of thoughts | A | A | A | A | A | A | Factor 1 |
7. Avoidance of reminders | A | A | A | A | A | A | Factor 1 |
8. Trauma-related amnesia | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | Factor 3 |
9. Negative beliefs | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | Factor 3 |
10. Distorted blame | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | Factor 3 |
11. Persistent negative emotional state | NACM | D | NACM | NACM | NACM | NA | Factor 3 |
12. Lack of interest | NACM | D | NACM | AN | NACM | AN | Factor 2 |
13. Feeling detached | NACM | D | NACM | AN | NACM | AN | Factor 2 |
14. Inability to experience positive emotions | NACM | D | NACM | AN | NACM | AN | Factor 2 |
15. Irritable/ angry | AR | D | DA | DA | EB | EB | Factor 2 |
16. Recklessness | AR | AR | DA | DA | EB | EB | Factor 2 |
17. Hypervigilance | AR | AR | AA | AA | AA | AA | Factor 1 |
18. Exaggerated state | AR | AR | AA | AA | AA | AA | Factor 1 |
19. Difficulty concentrating | AR | D | DA | DA | DA | DA | Factor 1 |
20. Sleep disturbance | AR | D | DA | DA | DA | DA | Factor 1 |