Fig. 1
Explanation of the different models regarding measurement invariance analysis. Notes: Weak Invariance (Model0): λ1 = 1; λ2_group A = … = λ2_group H; λ3_group A = … = λ3group H. Strong Invariance (Model1): α1_group A = 0; τ1_group A = … = τ1_group H; τ2_group A = … = τ2_group H; τ3_group A = … = τ3_group H; + weak invariance. Strict Invariance (Model2): Var (ε1_group A) = … = Var (ε1_group H); Var (ε2_group A) = … = Var (ε2_group H); Var (ε3_group A) = … = Var (ε3_group H); + weak and strong invariance. Strict Invariance (Model2b): Var (ε1_group A) = … = Var (ε1_group H) ≠ Var (ε1_group C); Var (ε2_group A) = … = Var (ε2_group H); Var (ε3_group A) = … = Var (ε3_group H); + weak and strong invariance