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Table 5 Comparison between Malay version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-M) factor scores and sociodemographic and psychiatric history variables

From: Cultural adaptation and validity of the Malay version of the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS-M) among patients with schizophrenia in a psychiatric clinic

 

BPRS-M Factor scores

 

Positive Symptoms a

Mood disturbance a

Negative Symptoms a

Activation a

Resistance b

Somatization b

Orientation b

Total a

Gender

t = −0.73

t = 1.67

t = −2.56

t = −1.74

Z = −0.71

Z = −1.02

Z = −0.86

t = −0.73

 Male

6.76(4.84)

2.83(2.88)

5.83 (3.03)

2.69(1.20) *

0.74(51.99)

0.52 (52.14)

0

16.69(8.09)

 Female

6.05(4.70)

3.84(3.03)

4.47(2.26)

2.26(1.22)

0.74 (48.54)

0.26 (48.42)

0.02(50.37)

15.49(8.06)

Ethnicity

t = 0.48

t = −0.96

t = 1.22

t = 1.05

Z = −0.16

Z = −0.40

Z = −1.63

t = 0.30

 Chinese

6.55(4.72)

3.16(2.92)

5.34(2.97)

2.55(1.35)

0.75(49.66)

0.30(49.38)

0.02(49.50)

16.21(8.17)

 non- Chinese

6.09(4.82)

3.74(3.09)

4.67(2.23)

2.30(1.04)

0.72(50.44)

0.47(50.81)

0

15.72(8.00)

Marital Status

t = −0.96

t = −0.33

t = −0.10

t = 0.53

Z = −0.09

Z = −0.57

Z = −1.63

t = −0.99

 Married

6.15(4.49)

3.22(2.87)

5.15 (1.92)

2.40(1.33)

0.63 (49.65)

0.37(48.33)

0

15.48(7.51)

 non-married

6.43(4.87)

3.49(3.06)

5.01(2.93)

2.56(0.89)

0.78(50.13)

0.38(50.63)

0.01(51.33)

16.19(8.29)

Education

t = −1.96

t = −0.90

t = −4.61

t = −3.46

Z = −1.74

Z = −0.08

Z = −0.59

t = −3.11

  ≤ Secondary

6.90(4.65)

3.58(3.02)

5.73(2.43) **

2.68(1.07) **

0.84(52.51)

0.41(50.08)

0.01(50.18)

17.44(7.74)**

  ≥ Tertiary

4.81(4.77)

2.96(2.95)

3.15(2.49)

1.77(1.39)

0.46(42.96)

0.27(49.77)

0

11.96(7.67)

Employed

t = −2.38

t = 0.83

t = −1.86

t = −2.17

Z = −1.15

Z = −0.54

Z = −0.47

t = −2.04

 Yes

4.00(4.17) *

3.94(3.02)

4.00 (2.17) *

1.89(0.90) *

0.44(44.11)

0.28(47.94)

0

12.56(7.96)*

 No

6.88(4.73)

3.30(3.00)

5.28(2.74)

2.57(1.25)

0.80(51.31)

0.40(50.46)

0.01(49.50)

16.77(7.92)

Family history of mental illness

t = 1.30

t = −0.15

t = 0.10

t = −0.36

Z = −0.60

Z = −0.99

Z = −1.38

t = 0.87

 Yes

7.21(4.29)

3.35(2.92)

5.09(2.94)

2.38(1.28)

0.85(52.00)

0.41()52.46

0.03 (50.96)

16.97(7.15)

 No

5.91(4.94)

3.45(3.06)

5.03(2.57)

2.48(1.20)

0.68(48.95)

0.35()48.72

0

15.49(8.50)

  1. Significant when p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**
  2. amean (standard deviation), Independent t-test
  3. bmean (mean rank), Mann-Whitney test