Skip to main content

Table 5 ANOVAs on depressive symptoms of LBC using NLES and left-behind-related variables as factors (N = 4181)

From: Depressive symptoms and negative life events: What psycho-social factors protect or harm left-behind children in China?

Independent variables

df

MS

Fa

Partial η 2

Age at separationb × NLES level (N)

6

40.40

1.15

0.002

Duration of separationc × N

9

70.23

2.00

0.004

Com. durationd × N

9

158.84

4.53***

0.010

Com. frequencye × N

12

171.35

4.89***

0.014

Com. by telephonef × N

3

53.74

1.53

0.001

Com. by visitingf × N

3

162.82

4.65**

0.003

Com. by messagef × N

3

16.21

0.46

0.000

Com. on academic performancef × N

3

438.55

12.52***

0.009

Com. on school lifef × N

3

28.17

0.80

0.001

Com. on life difficultiesf × N

3

273.22

7.80***

0.006

Com. on learning difficultiesf × N

3

67.58

1.93

0.001

Com. on migrant parental lifef × N

3

42.18

1.20

0.001

Com. on children’s feelingsf × N

3

207.89

5.93***

0.004

Error

4115

35.04

  
  1. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
  2. aF value was from factorial ANOVA results
  3. bFor the variable age at separation, 1 = 0–5 years old, 2 = 6–12 years old, 3 = 13–17 years old
  4. cFor the variable duration of separation, 1 = 6 months – 2 years, 2 = 2–3 years, 3 = 4–5 years, 5 = over 6 years
  5. dFor the variable communication duration, 1 = within 5 min, 2 = 5–10 min, 3 = 10–30 min, 4 = over 30 min
  6. eFor the variable communication frequency, 1 = daily, 2 = weekly, 3 = monthly, 4 = half a year, 5 = over half a year
  7. fFor the variables on communication methods and topics, yes = 1 and no = 0