ESM-I (n = 33) | Pseudo-intervention (n = 35) | Control group (n = 33) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender, male: n (%) | 17 (51.5) | 14 (40.0) | 15 (45.5) |
Age, years: mean (SD) | 49 (10.2) | 47 (9.7) | 49 (10.9) |
Education | |||
low (no/primary/low secondary) | 6 (18.1) | 9 (25.7) | 10 (30.3) |
medium (high school/low vocational) | 12 (36.4) | 14 (40.0) | 12 (36.3) |
high (higher vocational/university) | 15 (45.5) | 12 (34.3) | 11 (33.3) |
Depressive symptoms (HDRS): mean (SD) | 13.5 (5.6) | 15.1 (6.9) | 15.5 (5.4) |
range | 2–30 | 2–30 | 5–27 |
Treated in primary care | 7 (21) | 6 (17) | 8 (24) |
Bipolar disorder | 2 (6) | 2 (6) | 5 (15) |
DSM-IV axis I comorbidity | 12 (36) | 16 (46) | 12 (36) |
Psychotherapy yes/no | 4 (15) | 4 (13) | 2 (7) |
Use of antidepressant medicationa | |||
New | 2 (6) | 3 (9) | 1 (3) |
Switch | 3 (9) | 3 (9) | 7 (21) |
Maintenance | 28 (85) | 29 (83) | 25 (76) |
QALYs, last 12 weeks, mean (SD) | |||
EQ-5D, UK tariff (Dolan) (range − 0.04; 0.23) | 0.15 (0.07) | 0.14 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.07) |
Health care costs (last 12 weeks), mean (SD) | |||
Health care use | €2230 (€7186) | €3150 (€4369) | €1999 (€4348) |
Medication | €42 (€145) | €18 (€59) | €32 (€79) |
Total | €2273 (€7179) | €3168 (€4363) | €2032 (€4342) |
Societal (last 12 weeks), mean (SD) | |||
Absence from work | €2541 (€5983) | €2154 (€4852) | €2785 (€5066) |
Productivity loss at work | €2156 (€3910) | €2135 (€3486) | €2637 (€4224) |
Total (incl. health care costs) | €6828 (€12817) | €7458 (€10201) | €7291 (€9360) |