Determinants of antenatal depression and postnatal depression in Australia

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Study factors and antenatal depressive symptoms of mothers from South Western Sydney and Sydney Local Health Districts in 2014 (N = 17,564)

				Complete cases				Multiple imputation ^a
Outcome	Participants	Cases	%	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Unadjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Antenatal depressive symptoms	13,610	846	6.2
Socio-economic status
Low	5716	450	7.9	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Medium	5968	321	5.4	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	< 0.001	0.8 (0.7–1.0)	0.060	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	< 0.001	0.8 (0.7–0.9)	< 0.001
High	1524	43	2.8	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	< 0.001	0.5 (0.3–0.7)	0.001	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	< 0.001	0.5 (0.4–0.5)	< 0.001
CALD group
No	6173	278	4.5	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	6638	528	8.0	1.8 (1.5–2.1)	< 0.001	2.0 (1.6–2.4)	< 0.001	1.6 (1.6–1.7)	< 0.001	1.8 (1.7–1.9)	< 0.001
Supportive Partner
Yes	12,805	666	5.2	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.00
No/unsure	437	140	32.0	8.5 (6.9–10.6)	< 0.001	6.1 (4.6–7.9)	< 0.001	8.5 (8.2–8.9)	< 0.001	6.1 (5.9–6.4)	< 0.001
Antenatal health problems
No	8573	465	5.4	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	3774	273	7.2	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.0–1.5)	0.003	1.3 (1.3–1.4)	< 0.001	1.2 (1.2–1.3)	< 0.001
Physical intimate partner violence
No	13,140	182	5.9	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	777	50	27.5	6.0 (4.3–8.4)	< 0.001	2.6 (1.6–4.2)	< 0.001	6.4 (6.1–6.8)	< 0.001	3.1 (2.9–3.4)	< 0.001
Psychological intimate partner violence
No	12,989	768	5.9	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
Yes	133	43	32.3	7.0 (5.2–11.0)	< 0.001	4.8 (3.0–7.8)	< 0.001	8.0 (7.6–8.5)	< 0.001	4.1 (3.8–4.4)	< 0.001
Maternal age group
20–34 years	9382	571	6.1	1.0		1.0		1.0		1.0
> 35 years	3206	207	6.5	1.0 (1.1–2.5)	0.452	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	0.624	1.0 (1.0–1.1)	< 0.001	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	< 0.001
< 20 years	243	24	9.9	1.7 (1.1–2.6)	0.017	1.4 (0.8–2.5)	0.178	1.5 (1.4–1.6)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.2–1.4)	< 0.001

Data on risk factors and antenatal depressive symptoms were collected at the first antenatal clinic visit. Multivariate model adjusted for variables with p-value < 0.1 in univariate analysis. The variables include maternal age, socioeconomic status, CALD group, supportive partner, history of physical intimate partner violence, antenatal health problems and history of fear of partner/ex-partner
CALD culturally and linguistically diverse
^a Sensitivity analyses following multiple imputations for missing values

ISSN: 1471-244X