Table 2 Measurement tools

Prolonged grief

Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) [48, 55], Cut-off^a: ≥25 (sum score) [48]

never-always (0–4)

last month

α=.87, r_tt = .69 [55]

x

x

x

Additional items [56], German version received from A. Maercker

never-always (0–4)

–

x

x

x

Prolonged Grief-13 – Interview version (IKT), [49, 61]

various formats (mostly 5-pointlLikert scales)

last month

–

x

Depression

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [53, 62], Cut-off: ≥20 (sum, for severe depression) [63]

not at all-nearly every day (0–3)

last 2 weeks

α=.88 [64]

x

x

x

x

Posttraumatic stress

Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) [65, 66], Cut-off: > 0 (regression formula) [66], Screening: due to an event other than the loss, Baseline and post-assessments: due to loss

not at all-often (0,1,3,5)

last week

α=.71–.90, r_tt = .66–.80 [66]

x

x

x

Suicidal Ideation

Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS or BSIS) [67, 68]

various formats (3 nuances each)

last week

α=.84–.89 [69]

x

Psychosis

Dutch Screening Device for Psychotic Disorder (SDPD) [57], own translation from previous project, Cut-off: ≥13 (sum) [57]

not at all-completely true (1–5)

last 5 years

α=.68–.86 [57]

x

Dissociation

Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-5) [70, 71], Cut-off: ≥8 (sum) [70]

not applicable-highly applicable (1–5)

past year

α=.91, r_tt = .89 (long form) [71]

x

Somatization

Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) [53, 62]

not bothered at all-bothered a lot (0–2)

last 4 weeks

α=.79 [64]

x

x

Anxiety

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) [72, 73]

not at all-nearly every day (0–3)

last 2 weeks

α=.89 [73]

x

x

Health-related quality of life

Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) [74, 75]

various formats

last 4 weeks

α=.57–.94 [75]

x

x

Sleep quality

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [76, 77]

various formats

last 4 weeks

α=.85, r_tt = .87 [77]

x

x

Posttraumatic Growth

Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGI) [78, 79]

not at all-to a very great degree (0–5)

present

α=.92 [79]

x

x

Avoidance

Depressive and Anxious Avoidance in Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (DAAPGQ) [80], own translation

not at all true-completely true (0–7)

last month

α=.74–.90 [80]

x

x

Religiousness

Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI-15R) [81, 82]

completely true-not at all true (1–4)

present

α>.87 [82]

x

Separation anxiety

Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA-27) [58], own translation

this has never happened-this happens very often (0–3)

lifetime

α=.95 [58]

x

Attachment style

Relationships Questionnaire (RQ) [83, 84]

disagree strongly-agree strongly (1–7)

present/lifetime

–

x

Quality of relationship to the deceased

Quality of Relationships Inventory (QRI) [85, 86] – adapted

not true-almost always true (1–4)

time before loss

α=.82–.89 [86]

x

Childhood abuse and neglect

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) [87, 88]

never-very often (1–5)

childhood

α=.55–.89 [89]

x

Circumstances surrounding the death, preparedness

Perception of circumstances surrounding the death and preparedness [59], own translation

various formats (7 nuances each)

time of loss

–

x

Social support

Berlin Social Support Sales (BSSS) [90] (originally German), recipient version

strongly disagree-strongly agree (1–4)

present

α=.63–.83 [91]

x

x

Dependency

Depressive Experience Questionnaire (DEQ) dependency subscale [92, 93]

strongly disagree-strongly agree (1–7)

present

r_tt = .75 [93]

x

x

Self-esteem

Rosenberg self-esteem scale [94, 95]

not at all true-completely true (0–3)

present

α=.72–.85 [95]

x

x

Self-efficacy

Skala zur Allgemeinen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (Self-Efficacy Scale, SWE) [96] (originally German)

not at all true-completely true (1–4)

present

α=.80–.90 [96]

x

x

Coping strategies

Brief COPE [97, 98]

not at all-a lot (1–4)

lifetime

α=.61–.81 [98]

x

x

Stigma

Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ), subscale Stigmatization [60], own translation

never-almost always (1–5)

since loss

α=.86 (English version) [60]

x

x

Working alliance

Working Alliance Inventory Short Form (WAI-S) [54, 99] (only Monitoring and T1)

never-always (1–7)

intervention

α=.81–.91 [99]

x

x

Mood

Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) [52]

(1–9)

present

–

x