Table 2 Items endorsed across all Delphi studies

The first aider should be able to recognise the warning signs of suicide.

The first aider should appear calm and confident in the face of the suicide crisis, as this may have a reassuring effect for the suicidal person.

The first aider should allow the suicidal person to discuss their feelings. A suicidal person may feel relief at being able to do so.

The first aider should take all thoughts of suicide seriously. The lack of a plan for suicide is not sufficient to ensure safety.

The first aider should ask the suicidal person if they have a plan for suicide.

The first aider should ask the suicidal person if they have decided when they will carry out their plan.

The first aider should find out if the suicidal person has already taken steps to secure the means to end their life.

The first aider should ask the suicidal person if they have been using drugs or alcohol.

The first aider should ask the suicidal person if they have ever made a suicide attempt in the past.

The first aider should work collaboratively with the suicidal person to ensure their safety, rather than acting alone to prevent suicide.

The first aider must keep in mind that they may not be successful in preventing suicide.

The first aider should tell the suicidal person they care and want to help.

The first aider should express empathy for the suicidal person.

Suicidal thoughts are often a plea for help and a desperate attempt to escape from problems and distressing feelings. The first aider should therefore allow the suicidal person to talk about those thoughts and feelings.

The first aider needs to allow the suicidal person to talk about their reasons for wanting to die.

The first aider should find out what has supported the suicidal person in the past and whether these supports are still available.

Safety plans should include 24-h safety contacts in case the suicidal person feels unable to continue with the agreement not to attempt suicide (such as a suicide helpline, professional helper or family member).

The first aider should treat the suicidal person with respect and involve them in decisions about who else knows about the suicidal crisis.