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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study sample

From: Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Beck hopelessness scale (BHS): results from a German representative population sample

Sample characteristics

Men

Women

Total sample

(N = 1130)

(N = 1320)

(N = 2450)

Age group, N (%)

 18–24

88 (7.8%)

93 (7.0%)

181 (7.4%)

 25–34

150 (13.3%)

188 (14.2%)

338 (13.8%)

 35–44

183 (16.2%)

218 (16.5%)

401 (16.4%)

 45–54

221 (19.6%)

264 (20.0%)

485 (19.8%)

 55–64

225 (19.9%)

251 (19.0%)

476 (19.4%)

 65–74

177 (15.7%)

183 (13.9%)

360 (14.7%)

  > 74

86 (7.6%)

123 (9.3%)

209 (8.5%)

 Living with a partner, N (%)

702 (63.1%)

740 (57.2%)

1442 (59.9%)

 Having at least 1 child, N (%)

208 (18.4%)

341 (25.8%)

549 (22.4%)

 Member of a church, N (%)

770 (68.5%)

984 (74.8%)

1754 (71.9%)

Level of education attained, N (%)

 Completed Year 9

429 (38.0%)

454 (34.4%)

883 (36.0%)

 Completed Year 10

412 (36.5%)

573 (43.5%)

985 (40.2%)

 Completed Year 12

118 (10.4%)

120 (9.1%)

238 (9.7%)

 University Degree

133 (11.8%)

122 (9.2%)

255 (10.4%)

 Other

38 (3.4%)

51 (3.9%)

89 (3.5%)

Employment status, N (%)

 In Training

48 (4.3%)

47 (3.5%)

95 (3.8%)

 Working (>  35 h)

605 (53.8%)

388 (29.5%)

993 (40.7%)

 Working (<  35 h)

51 (4.5%)

316 (24.0%)

367 (15.0%)

 Unemployed

74 (6.6%)

77 (5.9%)

151 (6.2%)

 Homemaker

10 (0.9%)

93 (7.1%)

103 (4.2%)

 Retired

334 (29.7%)

377 (28.6%)

711 (29.1%)

 Other

2 (0.2%)

18 (1.4%)

20 (0.8%)

 Missing

6 (0.5%)

4 (0.3%)

10 (0.4%)

Monthly household income in €, N (%)

  < 1250

168 (14.9%)

291 (22.0%)

459 (18.7%)

 1250–2000

299 (26.5%)

365 (27.7%)

664 (27.1%)

  > 2000

633 (56.0%)

630 (47.7%)

1263 (51.6%)

 Missing

30 (2.7%)

34 (2.6%)

64 (2.6%)