Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
From: Yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Author, year | Participants and setting | N | Diagnostic instrument | Mean age | % female | Treatment group | Control group | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carter et al., 2013 [36] | Australian veterans recruited from private psychiatry clinic and through advertisements | 31 | CAPS | 58.5 years | 0% | Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: 22 h within 5 days, then once weekly for one month, then once monthly for 5 months, 120 min each | Waitlist: 6 weeks | CAPS, PCL-M |
Jindani et al., 2015 [40] | Canadan community-dwelling adults recruited through advertisements | 80 | PCL-17 | 41.00 years | 89% | Kundalini Yoga: 8 weeks, once weekly, 90 min each | Waitlist: 8 weeks | PCL-17 |
Mitchell et al., 2014 [41] | Veterans and civilians recruited from a US Veteran Affairs medical center | 38 | PSS-I | 44.37 years | 100% | Kripalu-based Yoga: 6 or 12 weeks, once or twice weekly, 75 min | Assessment control: 12 weeks, once weekly, duration not reported | PCL-C, TLEQ |
Quinones et al., 2015 [42] | Colombian reintegrating PTSD patients recruited through the Agencia Colombiana para la Reintegración | 100 | PCL-C | Not reported | 27% | Satvananda Yoga: 16 weeks, twice weekly, 60 min | Waitlist: 16 weeks | PCL-C |
Reinhardt et al., 2017 [43] | US active duty military personnel and veterans recruited by flyers and advertisement | 51 | SCID-CT | 46.74 years | 8% | Kripalu Yoga: 10 weeks, twice weekly, 90 min | Assessment control: 10 weeks, three times in total, duration not reported | PCL-M, PCL-C, CAPS, IES |
Seppälä et al., 2014 [44] | US veterans recruited through flyers and veteran and military organizations | 21 | PCL-M | 28.65 years | 0% | Sudarshan Kriya Yoga: 7 days, once daily, 180 min | Waitlist: 7 days | PCL-M |
Van der Kolk et al., 2014 [45] | US women recruited through advertisements and mental health professionals | 64 | CAPS | 42.9 years | 100% | Trauma-informed Yoga: 10 weeks, once weekly, 60 min | Women’s health education: 10 weeks, once weekly, 60 min | CAPS, DES, DTS |