From: Effectiveness of brief psychological interventions for suicidal presentations: a systematic review
Participants | Nature of suicide risk | Study Design | Setting | Intervention | Control | Pre-intervention patient measures | Post-intervention patient measures | Outcomes | Follow up period | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fleischmann et al 2008 [23] 5 sites (Brazil; India; Sri Lanka; Iran; and China) | 1867 Adults 57% female, median age 23 years | Patients who have attempted suicide | RCT Individual randomization | Emergency care settings | One-hour individual information session & periodic follow-up contacts after discharge for 18 months | TAU (as per norms in the respective EDs) | Questionnaire based on the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule (EPSIS) and adapted to each site | One-page questionnaire: if patient still alive; if not cause of death; if yes any further suicide attempts; how the patient felt; needs for support | Primary: Completed suicide | 18 months |
Gysin-Maillart et al 2016 [24] Switzerland | 120 Adults 55% female, Mean age 37.8 years | Patients admitted to the ED who attempted suicide | RCT Individual randomization | Emergency department | 3 face-to-face therapy sessions supplemented by regular, personalized letters to the participants for 24 months | Enhanced TAU: TAU (inpatient, day patient, and individual outpatient care as considered necessary by the clinicians in charge) and one clinical interview | Suicide Status Form (SSF-III) and 33-item questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, health and suicidal behaviour data | Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire; Beck Depression Inventory; Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation | Primary: Repeat suicide attempts Secondary: Suicidal ideation, Depression, Health-care utilisation. | 2 years |
King et al 2015 [25] United States | 49 Adolescents 65% female 14–19 years, | Patients with suicide risk factors | Pilot RCT Individual randomization | Emergency department | Personalized feedback, adapted motivational interview and follow-up note | Enhanced TAU (basic mental health resources: crisis card, written information about depression, suicide risk, firearm safety and local mental health services) | 2 questions based on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale; 15-item Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire – Junior (SIQ-JR); Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Beck Hopelessness Scale | Two questions adapted from the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale; Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale; The Beck Hopelessness Scale; The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; Motivational interviewing | Depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation and alcohol use. | 2 months |
Miller et al 2017 [22] United States | 1376 Adults 55.9% female median age 37 | Patients attending ED with suicide attempt or ideation in previous week | Interrupted time series design | Emergency department | 1. Secondary suicide risk screening 2. Self-administered safety plan & information provided by nurses 3. Telephone follow-up to patients and a significant other | TAU (usual care at each site) and contacts for 1 year | None | 1. Telephone interviews using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale 2. Medical records | Suicide attempts, Suicide composite: occurrence of suicide, suicide attempt, interrupted/ aborted attempts & suicide preparatory acts | 1 year |