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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the included patients according to level of depression. Depression severity was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)

From: The effect of trauma and alcohol on the relationship between level of cytokines and depression among patients entering psychiatric treatment

Variable

Minimal or mild depressiona

 

Moderate depression

 

Severe depression

  

n = 28 (21.9%)

% / SD

n = 42 (32.8%)

% / SD

n = 58 (45.3%)

% / SD

Sig.b

Demography

 Women

n (%)

20

71.4

28

66.7

44

75.9

0.600

 Age (years)

Mean (SD)

39.4

10.8

44.2

12.0

41.3

11.7

0.210

Alcohol use

 AUDIT scorec

Mean (SD)

4.70

4.1

6.7

5.4

3.7

4.3

0.009 d

Medication

 Anti-inflammatory drug (any)

n (%)

5

17.9

5

11.9

9

15.5

0.775

 Antidepressants (any)

n (%)

9

32.1

12

28.6

22

37.9

0.609

History of trauma

 Childhood trauma

n (%)

15

62.5

23

62.2

25

48.1

0.316

 Adult trauma

n (%)

16

66.7

16

43.2

28

53.8

0.199

 Any trauma

n (%)

19

79.2

26

70.3

39

73.6

0.743

Main diagnosise

 Mood disorder

n (%)

8

34.8

14

36.8

10

19.2

0.139

 Anxiety disorder

n (%)

12

52.2

17

44.7

26

50

0.825

 Eating disorder

n (%)

3

13.6

5

13.2

14

26.9

0.181

 MDD (ICD-10, F33)f

n (%)

3

10.7

5

11.9

3

5.2

0.447

  1. Notes: a14 of these patients scored 13 or less in the BDI-II, indicating that they were not depressed, and were classified with minimal depression. bSignificance for categorical variables was tested with Pearson’s chi-square test, and for continuous variables with Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA. cAUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. dAUDIT score was different across the levels of BDI-II. eMain diagnosis: Mood disorders: F30-F34, Anxiety disorders: F40-F44, Eating disorders: F50.0-F50.3. fMDD: Major Depression Disorder, as classified by the ICD-10