Table 1 The main definitions of treatment-resistance in depression
From: Standardisation framework for the Maudsley staging method for treatment resistance in depression
Year | Source | Definition | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
1974 | WHO | Failure of 150 mg of imipramine or equivalent given for 4 weeks | Specifies dose and duration Also specifies relative and absolute resistance based on dose of imipramine (150 mg being the threshold for absolute resistance) |
1997 | Thase & Rush | Failure of 1 adequately given antidepressant medication | Primarily for staging; Assumes hierarchy |
1999 | Sourey et al | Failure of 2 antidepressant medications from different classes | Also called the European method; failure of 1 antidepressant medication defined as non-response; uses chronicity criteria for staging |
2002 | EMEA | Failure of 2 medications from different classes | Suggests remission as outcome criteria |
2000/ 2005 | APA | Failure of 1 adequately given antidepressant medication given for 4–8 weeks | Not attempt to define directly but implicit reference can be interpreted |
2003 | MGH | Failure of 1 antidepressant medication? | Primarily staging method |
2007 | NICE | Failure of 2 antidepressant medication from different classes | |
2008 | BAP | Failure of 2 antidepressant medication from different classes | Refers to commonly used definitions instead of attempting to provide a definition of its own |
2009 | MSM | Failure of 1 adequately given antidepressant medication | Failure to achieve remission suggested as main outcome criteria; Primarily for staging |
2015 | DM-TRD | Failure of 1 adequately given antidepressant medication | Based on the MSM |
2017 | Conway et al | Failure of 2 adequate dose-duration antidepressants or psychotherapy from different classes | Antidepressants given in current episode. Combinations count individually |