Variable | Category | Overall (N = 176) | Non-Depressed1 (N = 118) | Depressed2 (N = 58) | Mean(SD) PHQ-Score | 95% C.I. | Group Differences |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | 15-16 Years | 27(15.3) | 7(25.9) | 20(74.1) | 17.2(4.0) | (15.6-18.8) | (F(2, 173) = 18.63; P < 0.001)†|
17Â Years | 41(23.3) | 25(61.0) | 16(39.0) | 11.3(7.0) | (9.0-13.5) | ||
18Â Years | 108(61.4) | 86(79.6) | 22(20.4) | 9.5(5.7) | (8.5-10.6) | ||
Occupation | Unemployed | 133(75.6) | 84(63.2) | 49(36.8) | 11.8(6.4) | (10.7-12.9) | t(174) = 2.3; P = 0.020 |
Actively employed | 43(24.4) | 34(79.1) | 9(20.9) | 9.2(5.9) | (7.3-11.0) | ||
Education level | Primary and below | 141(80.1) | 89(63.1) | 52(36.9) | 11.5(6.6) | (10.4-12.6) | t(174) = 1.7; P = 0.091 |
Secondary and above | 35(19.9) | 29(82.9) | 6(17.1) | 9.5(5.3) | (7.7-11.3) | ||
Marital status | Unmarried | 85(48.3) | 40(47.1) | 45(52.9) | 14.7(5.1) | (13.6-15.8) | t(174) = 8.4; P < 0.001 |
Married | 91(51.7) | 78(85.7) | 13(14.3) | 7.8(5.7) | (6.6-9.0) | ||
Living arrangements | Living with other | 113(64.2) | 48(58.5) | 34(41.5) | 8.6(5.9) | (7.5-9.7) | t(174) = −8.1; P < 0.001 |
Living with parents | 63(35.8) | 42(67.7) | 20(32.3) | 15.6(4.6) | (14.4-16.8) | ||
Monthly income | < 10,000Ksh. | 82(46.6) | 28(87.5) | 4(12.5) | 12.4(6.2) | (11.0-13.7) | (F (2, 173) = 3.42; P = 0.035)†|
10,000-14,999Ksh | 62(35.2) | 12(31.6) | 26(68.4) | 10.5(6.9) | (8.7-12.2) | ||
> = 15,000Ksh | 32(18.2) | 106(76.8) | 32(23.2) | 9.2(5.0) | (7.4-11.0) | ||
Type of housing | Temporary | 38(21.6) | 93(82.3) | 20(17.7) | 15.2(6.1) | (13.2-17.2) | t(174) = 4.7; P < 0.001 |
Permanent | 138(78.4) | 25(39.7) | 38(60.3) | 10.0(6.0) | (9.0-11.0) | ||
Receiving social support | No | 40(22.7) | 10(25.0) | 30(75.0) | 17.2(4.5) | (15.8-18.6) | t(174) = 8.0; P < 0.001 |
Yes | 136(77.3) | 108(79.4) | 28(20.6) | 9.3(5.7) | (8.4-10.3) | ||
Partner/ parent reaction | Positive | 101(57.4) | 87(86.1) | 14(13.9) | 8.0(5.4) | (7.0-9.1) | (F (2, 173) = 40.85; P < 0.001)†|
Negative | 36(20.5) | 14(38.9) | 22(61.1) | 15.6(5.1) | (13.9-17.3) | ||
Ambivalent | 39(22.2) | 17(43.6) | 22(56.4) | 15.0(5.2) | (13.3-16.7) | ||
Has other children | No | 138(78.4) | 88(63.8) | 50(36.2) | 12.0(6.2) | (11.0-13.1) | t(174) = 3.7; P < 0.001 |
Yes | 38(21.6) | 30(78.9) | 8(21.1) | 7.8(6.1) | (5.8-9.8) | ||
Experienced a stressful life event | No | 53(30.1) | 51(96.2) | 2(3.8) | 6.0(4.1) | (4.9-7.1) | t(174) = −8.2; P < 0.001 |
Yes | 123(69.9) | 67(54.5) | 56(45.5) | 13.3(5.9) | (12.3-14.4) | ||
Experience substance abuse | No | 161(91.5) | 112(69.6) | 49(30.4) | 10.8(6.3) | (9.8-11.8) | t(174) = −2.4; P = 0.019 |
Yes | 15(8.5) | 6(40.0) | 9(60.0) | 14.8(6.2) | (11.4-18.2) | ||
Attending clinic as scheduled | No | 15(8.5) | 1(6.7) | 14(93.3) | 18.7(3.4) | (16.8-20.6) | t(174) = 5.2; P < 0.001 |
Yes | 161(91.5) | 117(72.7) | 44(27.3) | 10.4(6.1) | (9.5-11.4) | Â | |
Experience domestic violence | No | 108(61.4) | 90(83.3) | 18(16.7) | 8.6(5.9) | (7.4-9.7) | t(174) = −7.8; P < 0.001 |
Yes | 68(38.6) | 28(41.2) | 40(58.8) | 15.2(4.8) | (14.0-16.3) | ||
Currently diagnosed with HIV/AIDS | No | 162(92.0) | 117(72.2) | 45(27.8) | 10.6(6.3) | (9.6-11.5) | t(174) = −4.0; P < 0.001 |
Yes | 14(8.0) | 1(7.1) | 13(92.9) | 17.4(3.3) | (15.5-19.4) |