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Fig. 1 | BMC Psychiatry

Fig. 1

From: Collective interaction effects associated with mammalian behavioral traits reveal genetic factors connecting fear and hemostasis

Fig. 1

Continuous discriminant analysis for quantitative traits. Paired genotype (a)-phenotype (y) data for individuals are divided into training and test sets. The training set is used to model the conditional distribution Pr(a|y), while including the interaction effects between all m SNPs. Parameters with large magnitudes that often result from insufficient data are made unfavorable by the penalizer λ. Bayes’ rule is then used to obtain Pr(y|a) and applied to predict phenotype values for individuals in the test group. The correlation R between the predicted and actual phenotypes is optimized with respect to λ. Because of the training/test set division, R2 is in general not equal to r2, the proportion of phenotype variance explained by genetic predictors. The latter can be estimated by using the optimized penalizer and repeating the inference

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