Cross-sectional study on nurses’ attitudes regarding coercive measures: the importance of socio-demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, and strategies for coping with stress

Table 3 Forms of behaviour and attitudes towards CM according to gender, education, ward (open/closed) and hospitals

Behavior	n	\( \overline{\boldsymbol{x}} \)	SD	Gender (U/p)	Education (U/p)	Ward (U/p)	Hospital (χ²(2)/p)	Attitude	n	\( \overline{\boldsymbol{x}} \)	SD	Gender (U/p)	Education (U/p)	Ward (U/p)	Hospital (χ²(2)/p)
Less-threatening behavior	317	12.782	3.194	9666.50 0.023	9306.00 0.133	10,432.50 0.529	19.913 0.001	Positive	336	6.247	1.547	8684.50 < 0.001	9612.50 0.016	9556.50 0.010	17.666 0.003
Threatening behavior	327	10.048	1.664	9837.00 0.005	10,456.00 0.408	9503.50 0.014	13.264 0.021	Negative	326	11.312	2.641	10,961.00 0.150	9961.00 0.253	10,264.00 0.276	23.371 < 0.001

Legend: n, number of responses; \( \overline{x\ } \) , mean; SD, standard deviation; U, Mann-Whitney test; χ ² (2), Kruskal-Wallis test; p, statistical significance