Table 6 Ordinary Least Squares multivariate regression examining assocations with CES-D scale (range: 0–30)
| Â | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zimbabwe | Zambia | Tanzania | Malawi | Kenya | |
Panel A: All youth | |||||
 Male | − 0.35 (0.37) | 0.14 (0.23) | −1.15*** (0.38) | − 0.12 (0.44) | 1.09** (0.41) |
 Age (years) | 0.18** (0.08) | 0.22*** (0.07) | 0.33*** (0.04) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.19* (0.10) |
 Chronically ill (3+ months in past year) | 1.13 (0.96) | 0.48 (1.40) | –– | 0.15 (0.50) | 0.71 (1.02) |
 Enrolled in school or completed secondary | −0.85** (0.37) | −0.58** (0.29) | −0.37 (0.44) | −1.02** (0.41) | −0.20 (0.60) |
 Log per capita monthly expenditure | −1.28*** (0.41) | −0.82*** (0.20) | −0.18 (0.18) | − 0.59** (0.24) | 0.50 (0.59) |
 Constant | 12.19*** (1.85) | 8.57*** (1.47) | 5.89*** (1.11) | 15.67*** (2.54) | 1.01 (5.40) |
 N | 916 | 1982 | 1189 | 2098 | 651 |
 R-squared | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
 Age range (years) | 13–19 | 13–17 | 14–28 | 13–19 | 15–25 |
Panel B:18Â years and younger | |||||
 Male | −0.28 (0.37) | 0.13 (0.23) | −1.08** (0.48) | −0.06 (0.45) | 1.51*** (0.51) |
 Age | 0.24** (0.11) | 0.22*** (0.07) | 0.44** (0.17) | 0.10 (0.11) | 0.52 (0.38) |
 Chronically ill (3+ months in past year) | 1.09 (0.99) | 0.56 (1.39) | – – | 0.16 (0.54) | 2.35 (1.95) |
 Orphan (both parents) | 0.15 (0.35) | 0.49* (0.28) | – – | 0.30 (0.31) | 0.72 (0.77) |
 Missing orphan status | 0.15 (1.66) | 1.05 (0.96) | – – | −0.50 (0.73) | 2.95 (4.22) |
 Enrolled in school | −0.84** (0.39) | −0.65** (0.28) | − 0.41 (0.43) | −0.99** (0.44) | −1.21 (0.93) |
 Log per capita monthly expenditure | −1.37*** (0.42) | −0.82*** (0.20) | −0.24 (0.22) | − 0.56** (0.23) | 1.03 (0.67) |
 Constant | 11.42*** (2.20) | 8.29*** (1.48) | 3.56 (2.76) | 14.78*** (2.82) | −8.40 (9.98) |
 N | 866 | 1982 | 611 | 1979 | 341 |
 R-squared | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.08 |
 Age range (years) | 13–18 | 13–17 | 14–18 | 13–18 | 15–18 |