Table 6 Prevalence and Adjusted Odds Ratio a Of Current Use of Drugs by Category of ACE
Type of ACE | Category | n (%) | Tobacco | Alcohol | Cannabis | Sedatives | Khat |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A.O.R | A.O.R | A.O.R | A.O.R | A.O.R | |||
Physical abuse | No | 103 (76.9) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 31 (23.1) | 1.0 (0.3–2.9) | 1.1 (0.4–3.4) | 2.9 (1.0–7.9) b | 2.6 (0.8–8.4) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | |
Emotional abuse | No | 104 (77.6) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 30 (22.4) | 5.3 (1.2–23.9) | 0.8 (0.3–2.5) | 2.5 (0.9–7.0) | 4.1 (1.2–14.2) | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | |
Contact sexual abuse | No | 99 (73.9) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 35 (26.1) | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) | 1.8 (0.7–5.0) | 1.6 (0.5–5.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | |
Alcohol/drug user in household | No | 76 (56.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 58 (43.3) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) | 0.8 (0.3–2.1) | 1.2 (0.6–2.7) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | 2.1 (0.9–4.9) | |
Incarcerated household member | No | 104 (77.6) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 30 (22.4) | 1.5 (0.4–5.7) | 0.5 (0.2–1.7) | 1.1 (0.4–3.2) | 2.3 (0.5–10.2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.6) | |
Someone with mental illness in household | No | 113 (84.3) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 21 (15.7) | 5.5 (1.0–28.8) b | 0.5 (0.2–1.6) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 1.6 (0.5–5.8) | 2.4 (0.8–7.5) | |
Household member treated violently | No | 68 (50.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 66 (49.3) | 2.1 (0.8–5.5) | 2.2 (0.8–6.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 1.7 (0.6–5.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | |
One or no parent | No | 67 (50.0) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 67 (50.0) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.9 (0.3–2.4) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 2.2 (0.7–6.7) | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | |
Emotional neglect | No | 81 (60.4) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 53 (39.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 2.4 (0.8–7.1) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | |
Physical neglect | No | 118 (88.1) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 16(11.9) | 5.7 (0.6–50.0) | 0.4 (0.1–1.6) | 0.9 (0.3–3.3) | 4.9 (1.0–23.2) b | 0.5 (0.1–1.8) | |
Bullying | No | 117 (87.3) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 17 (12.7) | 1.8 (0.4–7.8) | 0.4 (0.1–1.6) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) | 0.0 (0.0-) | 0.7 (0.2–2.4) | |
Community violence | No | 93 (69.4) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 41 (30.6) | 1.8 (0.6–5.4) | 1.6 (0.5–5.0) | 2.2 (0.9–5.5) | 1.1 (0.3–3.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | |
Collective violence | No | 79 (59.0) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
Yes | 55 (41.0) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) | 2.4 (0.8–6.9) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | 1.7 (0.6–4.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) |