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Table 2 Estimated mean outcome scores at 8, 16, 32 weeks

From: Brief multifamily Psychoeducation for family members of patients with chronic major depression: a randomized controlled trial

 

intervention guroup

control group

Defference(95% CI)

P Value

Family members

Questionnaire, LS mean (95% CI)

 K6

8 W

4.27 (2.78 to 5.77)

5.33 (3.96 to 6.71)

−1.05 (−2.68 to 0.56)

0.19

16 W

5.65 (4.06 to 7.23)

4.47 (2.97 to 5.98)

1.17 (−0.63 to 2.98)

0.19

32 W

4.82 (3.23 to 6.41)

4.34 (2.85 to 5.83)

0.48 (−1.32 to 2.29)

0.59

 BDI-II

8 W

7.36 (3.98 to 10.75)

10.74 (7.61 to 13.86)

−3.37 (−6.32 to − 0.43)

0.02

16 W

8.49 (4.54 to 12.45)

10.34 (6.72 to 13.96)

−1.84 (−6.03 to 2.34)

0.37

32 W

9.36 (5.19 to 13.53)

8.41 (4.53 to 12.28)

0.94 (−3.66 to 5.55)

0.67

 J-ZBI_8

8 W

7.35 (5.39 to 9.31)

6.14 (4.33 to 7.95)

1.21 (−0.94 to 3.36)

0.26

16 W

7.06 (4.88 to 9.25)

5.21 (3.10 to 7.32)

1.85 (−0.73 to 4.44)

0.15

32 W

5.93 (3.57 to 8.30)

4.04 (1.77 to 6.31)

1.89 (−0.97 to 4.76)

0.18

 FAS

8 W

41.19 (30.22 to 52.17)

41.25 (31.08 to 51.42)

−0.05 (−10.84 to 10.72)

0.99

16 W

41.33 (29.60 to 53.07)

37.18 (26.31 to 48.05)

4.15 (−8.26 to 16.58)

0.50

32 W

39.86 (28.49 to 51.22)

32.36 (22.04 to 42.68)

7.49 (−4.18 to 19.17)

0.20

patient

Questionnaire, LS mean (95%CI)

 BDI-II

8 W

21.61 (17.50 to 25.72)

23.51 (19.32 to 27.70)

−1.91(−7.85 to 4.05)

0.52

16 W

19.98 (15.86 to 24.09)

21.67 (17.62 to 25.72)

−1.69 (−7.55 to 4.16)

0.56

32 W

19.14 (15.19 to 23.09)

20.34 (16.32 to 24.36)

−1.19 (−6.89 to 4.50)

0.67

 FAD

PS

8 W

2.33 (2.19 to 2.46)

2.46 (2.33 to 2.60)

−0.13(−0.33 to 0.05)

0.16

16 W

2.33 (2.17 to 2.49)

2.41 (2.24 to 2.57)

−0.07 (− 0.3 to 0.15)

0.52

32 W

2.15 (2.00 to 2.31)

2.33 (2.16 to 2.49)

−0.17 (− 0.40 to 0.05)

0.13

CM

8 W

2.31 (2.19 to 2.43)

2.33 (2.20 to 2.45)

−0.01(− 0.19 to 0.15)

0.82

16 W

2.29 (2.17 to 2.41)

2.33 (2.21 to 2.45)

−0.04 (− 0.21 to 0.13)

0.63

32 W

2.25 (2.11 to 2.39)

2.22 (2.08 to 2.37)

0.02 (−0.17 to 0.22)

0.79

RL

8 W

2.01 (1.92 to 2.10)

2.14 (2.05 to 2.23)

−0.13(− 0.26 to − 0.00)

0.04

16 W

1.99 (1.87 to 2.11)

2.09 (1.97 to 2.21)

−0.09 (− 0.27 to 0.07)

0.25

32 W

2.00 (1.90 to 2.10)

2.07 (1.97 to 2.18)

−0.07 (− 0.22 to 0.07)

0.33

AR

8 W

2.17 (2.04 to 2.30)

2.42 (2.28 to 2.55)

−0.24(− 0.43 to − 0.05)

0.01

16 W

2.13 (1.98 to 2.28)

2.30 (2.15 to 2.45)

−0.16 (− 0.38 to 0.04)

0.12

32 W

2.12 (1.99 to 2.25)

2.34 (2.21 to 2.48)

−0.22 (− 0.41 to − 0.03)

0.02

AI

8 W

2.22 (2.06 to 2.33)

2.31 (2.18 to 2.45)

−0.11(− 0.30 to 0.07)

0.22

16 W

2.14 (2.00 to 2.27)

2.21 (2.07 to 2.35)

−0.07 (− 0.27 to 0.12)

0.43

32 W

2.11 (1.98 to 2.24)

2.21 (2.08 to 2.34)

−0.09 (− 0.28 to 0.08)

0.28

BC

8 W

2.09 (1.97 to 2.20)

2.25 (2.13 to 2.36)

−0.15(− 0.32 to 0.00)

0.05

16 W

2.10 (1.98 to 2.22)

2.27 (2.15 to 2.39)

−0.17 (− 0.34 to − 0.00)

0.04

32 W

2.08 (1.96 to 2.20)

2.23 (2.11 to 2.36)

−0.15 (− 0.32 to 0.01)

0.07

GF

8 W

2.10 (1.99 to 2.20)

2.18 (2.07 to 2.29)

−0.08(− 0.24 to 0.07)

0.28

16 W

2.09 (1.94 to 2.25)

2.16 (2.00 to 2.31)

−0.06 (− 0.28 to 0.15)

0.56

32 W

1.99 (1.84 to 2.13)

2.05 (1.89 to 2.20)

−0.05 (− 0.27 to 0.15)

0.58

 SF-36

PCS

8 W

45.48 (41.64 to 49.32)

46.79 (42.81 to 50.77)

−1.30(−6.87 to 4.26)

0.63

16 W

43.35 (39.97 to 46.72)

44.14 (40.71 to 47.57)

−0.79 (−5.66 to 4.06)

0.74

32 W

46.28 (43.48 to 49.08)

44.91 (41.99 to 47.83)

1.36 (−2.71 to 5.44)

0.50

MCS

8 W

43.01 (39.61 to 46.42)

40.36 (36.84 to 43.88)

2.65(−2.29 to 7.60)

0.28

16 W

46.25 (43.37 to 49.13)

44.58 (41.66 to 47.51)

1.66 (− 2.51 to 5.83)

0.42

32 W

45.54 (41.27 to 49.81)

45.20 (40.76 to 49.65)

0.33 (−5.85 to 6.52)

0.91

Medications, LS mean (95%CI), DDD

 Antidepressants

8 W

1.66 (1.51 to 1.81)

1.70 (1.55 to 1.85)

−0.03 (−0.24 to 0.17)

0.74

16 W

1.69 (1.50 to 1.87)

1.65 (1.46 to 1.84)

0.04 (−0.22 to 0.30)

0.76

32 W

1.38 (1.13 to 1.64)

1.47 (1.21 to 1.73)

−0.08 (− 0.45 to 0.27)

0.63

 Antianxiety

8 W

0.19 (0.12 to 0.26)

0.12 (0.04 to 0.19)

0.06 (−0.03 to 0.17)

0.18

16 W

0.19 (0.12 to 0.26)

0.12 (0.04 to 0.19)

0.06 (−0.03 to 0.17)

0.18

32 W

0.15 (0.08 to 0.22)

0.15 (0.08 to 0.22)

0.00 (−0.10 to 0.10)

0.98

 Hypnotics

8 W

0.51 (0.31 to 0.72)

0.70 (0.49 to 0.91)

−0.18 (− 0.48 to 0.11)

0.21

16 W

0.51 (0.29 to 0.73)

0.64 (0.41 to 0.87)

−0.12 (− 0.45 to 0.19)

0.43

32 W

0.39 (0.16 to 0.63)

0.68 (0.44 to 0.92)

−0.28 (− 0.63 to 0.05)

0.09

  1. The adjusted model includes fixed effects fortreatment, visit, and treatment*visit, adjusted for the family member’s relationship with the patient, the family member’s age and the scale’s baseline score and random effects for family members. The adjusted model includes fixed effects for treatment, visit, and treatment*visit, adjusted for the patient’s age, sex, duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, patient status (outpatient vs inpatient), antidepressant use and the scale’s baseline score and random effects for patients
  2. Abbreviations: LS means latest square means, 8 W 8 weeks, 16 W 16 weeks, 32 W 32 weeks, BDI-II Beck depression inventory, J-ZBI_8 the Japanese version of the Zarit burden interview short version, FAS family attitude scale, FAD family assessment device, PS problem solving, CM communication, RL roles, AR affective responsiveness, AI affective involvement, BC behavior control, GF general functioning, PCS physical component summary, MCS mental component summary, DDD defined daily dose