Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to levels of competitiveness, tension and dependency on a sample of 15,604 participants from the SUN cohort [Mean (standard deviation) or percentage]
Competitiveness | Tension | Dependency | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (1–4) | Moderate (5–6) | High (7–10) | Low (1–4) | Moderate (5–6) | High (7–10) | Low (1–4) | Moderate (5–6) | High (7–10) | |
N | 1170 | 3788 | 10,646 | 3852 | 4766 | 6986 | 10,407 | 1653 | 3544 |
Sex (% female) | 63.3 | 63.8 | 57.1 | 55.9 | 62.3 | 58.9 | 54.1 | 68.0 | 58.4 |
Age (years) | 37.3 (11.7) | 37.5 (11.8) | 37.2 (12.3) | 36.5 (12.0) | 37.0 (12.2) | 37.9 (12.2) | 37.4 (11.9) | 34.3 (12.4) | 38.2 (12.6) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.6 (3.5) | 23.4 (3.5) | 23.5 (3.5) | 23.8 (3.5) | 23.4 (3.4) | 23.5 (3.5) | 23.5 (3.4) | 22.9 (3.2) | 23.7 (3.6) |
Marital status married (%) | 52.6 | 52.1 | 50.2 | 48.9 | 48.6 | 53.5 | 51.8 | 39.0 | 53.5 |
Level of education (years) | 4.9 (1.4) | 4.9 (1.4) | 5.1 (1.6) | 5.0 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.5) | 5.1 (1.6) | 5.1 (1.6) | 4.8 (1.3) | 5.0 (1.5) |
Health professionals (%) | 56.7 | 58.0 | 54.1 | 57.8 | 56.1 | 53.8 | 55.4 | 52.6 | 55.8 |
Employed (%) | 78.2 | 77.9 | 78.9 | 77.7 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 79.9 | 69.8 | 78.8 |
Smoking status (%) | |||||||||
Ex-smokers | 23.2 | 26.2 | 24.3 | 21.0 | 24.4 | 26.7 | 24.8 | 19.5 | 26.6 |
Current smokers | 26.1 | 26.1 | 23.5 | 25.0 | 16.6 | 15.9 | 15.9 | 17.5 | 16.9 |
Leisure-time physical activity (MET x h/week) | 22.7 (19.1) | 25.4 (21.5) | 28.3 (25.0) | 27.6 (24.8) | 27.7 (24.4) | 26.5 (22.9) | 27.7 (24.3) | 24.9 (21.9) | 26.7 (23.3) |
Sitting (h/day) | 5.2 (2.0) | 5.1 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.0) | 5.2 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.0) | 5.4 (2.1) | 5.2 (2.0) |
Prevalence of diabetes (%) | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 2.2 |
Prevalence of hypertension (%) | 6.1 | 7.6 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 7.0 | 8.2 |
Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (%) | 16.0 | 16.0 | 16.7 | 14.4 | 15.2 | 18.4 | 16.5 | 14.2 | 17.4 |
Prevalence of cancer (%) | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.4 |
Weight gain ≥3 kg in last 5 years (%) | 32.1 | 29.5 | 29.6 | 30.5 | 29.0 | 30.0 | 29.6 | 30.1 | 30.2 |
Mediterranean diet score | 4.2 (1.8) | 4.2 (1.7) | 4.3 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.7) | 4.3 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.7) | 4.3 (1.7) | 4.0 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.7) |
Dietary attitudes score | 6.6 (2.6) | 7.0 (2.5) | 7.1 (2.5) | 6.9 (2.5) | 7.1 (2.5) | 7.0 (2.5) | 7.0 (2.5) | 6.9 (2.5) | 7.1 (2.5) |
Following a special diet (%) | 6.9 | 6.6 | 8.0 | 6.9 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 8.4 |
Nutritional supplements (%) | 15.5 | 16.9 | 18.5 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 18.0 | 18.2 | 17.4 |
Snacking (%) | 40.2 | 35.7 | 30.9 | 32.2 | 32.1 | 33.4 | 31.6 | 37.9 | 33.6 |
Dietary supplements (%) | 15.5 | 16.9 | 18.5 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 18.0 | 18.2 | 17.4 |
Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2404 (609) | 2335 (618) | 2351 (614) | 2365 (625) | 2339 (608) | 2352 (614) | 2357 (613) | 2369 (619) | 2329 (619) |
Protein (% E) | 17.8 (3.2) | 18.0 (3.2) | 18.3 (3.3) | 18.1 (3.4) | 18.3 (3.2) | 18.2 (3.3) | 18.1 (3.2) | 18.0 (3.3) | 18.4 (3.3) |
Carbohydrates (% E) | 43.3 (7.3) | 43.4 (7.3) | 43.1 (7.3) | 43.2 (7.3) | 43.3 (7.2) | 43.2 (7.4) | 43.3 (7.3) | 43.2 (7.5) | 43.0 (7.3) |
Fats (% E) | 36.9 (6.7) | 36.5 (6.5) | 36.6 (6.5) | 36.7 (6.5) | 36.5 (6.4) | 36.6 (6.5) | 36.5 (6.4) | 37.1 (6.9) | 36.5 (6.4) |
Cholesterol (mg/day) | 422.2 (145.5) | 408.9 (147.8) | 417.5 (147.9) | 417.5 (149.2) | 412.5 (144.2) | 416.9 (149.3) | 414.9 (148.0) | 419.9 (143.1) | 416.3 (149.2) |
Fiber (g/day) | 27.5 (11.4) | 27.5 (11.8) | 27.9 (12.3) | 27.6 (12.3) | 28.1 (12.1) | 27.7 (11.9) | 27.9 (12.3) | 27.1 (11.4) | 27.6 (11.7) |
Alcohol (g/day) | 6.5 (10.4) | 6.8 (10.3) | 6.7 (9.9) | 6.9 (9.9) | 6.5 (9.6) | 6.7 (10.4) | 6.8 (10.0) | 5.5 (9.6) | 6.9 (10.4) |