Table 1 Ethnoracial makeup of psychedelic medicine studies
From: Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature
Study | Psychedelic | Country | N | White | Black | Latino | Asian | Indigenous | Mixed | Other | Unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osorio et al., 2015 | Ayahuasca | Brazil | 6 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 6(100.0%) |
Palhano-Fontes et al., 2017 | Ayahuasca | Brazil | 29 | 17 (58.6%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 11 (37.9%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Sanches et al., 2016 | Ayahuasca | Brazil | 17 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 17 (100.0%) |
Thomas et al., 2013 | Ayahuasca | Canada | 12 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Brown & Alper, 2017 | Ibogaine | Mexico | 30 | 27 (90.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0(0.0%) |
Noller, Frampton & Yazar-Klosinski, 2016 | Ibogaine | New Zealand | 14 | 14 (100.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Bouso et al., 2008 | MDMA | Spain | 6 | 6(100.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Gasser et al., 2014 | LSD | Switzerland | 11 | 11 (100.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Oehen et al., 2013 | MDMA | Switzerland | 14 | 12 (85.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Carhart-Harris et al., 2016 | Psilocybin | UK | 12 | 9 (75.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Carhart-Harris et al., 2018 | Psilocybin | UK | 8 | 6 (75.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Mithoefer et al., 2010 | MDMA | USA | 20 | 20 (100.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Bogenschutz et al., 2015 | Psilocybin | USA | 10 | 3 (30.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 4 (40.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Griffiths et al., 2016 | Psilocybin | USA | 51 | 48 (94.1%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Grob et al., 2011 | Psilocybin | USA | 12 | 11 (91.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Johnson et al., 2014 | Psilocybin | USA | 15 | 14 (93.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Moreno et al., 2006 | Psilocybin | USA | 9 | 8 (88.9%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (11.1%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
Ross et al., 2016 | Psilocybin | USA | 29 | 26 (89.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 3 (10.3%) | 0(0.0%) |
N = 18 | Total | 282.0 | 232 (82.3%) | 7 (2.5%) | 6 (2.1%) | 5 (1.8%) | 13 (4.6%) | 13 (4.6%) | 5 (1.8%) | 23 (8.2%) | |
Minimum | 6.0 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
25th %tile | 10.8 | 7.5 (75.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
Median | 13.0 | 11.5 (89.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
Average | 17.6 | 14.5 (74.8%) | 0.4 (2.7%) | 0.4 (3.0%) | 0.3 (2.2%) | 0.8 (6.5%) | 0.8 (3.3%) | 0.3 (1.0%) | 1.3 (11.1%) | ||
75th %tile | 22.3 | 17.75 (94.1%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0(0.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
Maximum | 51.0 | 48 (100.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 4 (40.0%) | 1 (12.5%) | 12 (100.0%) | 11 (37.9%) | 3 (10.3%) | 17 (100.0%) |