Table 4 Predictors of change in latent PHQ and/or GAD score from pre- to post-treatment*
| Â | PHQ | GAD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline level†SD (95% CI) | Reliable change Crude ES (95% CI) | Reliable change Adjusted ES (95% CI) | Baseline level†SD (95% CI) | Reliable change Crude ES (95% CI) | Reliable change Adjusted ES (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.12 (0.98, 1.26) |  |  | 1.02 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Female gender | 0.09 (0.02, 0.16) | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.21) |  |  | 0.11 (− 0.03, 0.26) | 0.11 (− 0.03, 0.25) |
Education | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.20 (1.02,1.39) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.11 (0.94, 1.29) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Primary school | 0.42 (0.16, 0.68) | −0.20 (− 0.50, 0.10) | − 0.15 (− 0.46, 0.16) | 0.23 (0.06, 0.40) | −0.16 (− 0.41,0.08) | −0.00 (− 0.25, 0.25) |
 Secondary school | 0.18 (− 0.01, 0.37) | −0.01 (− 0.21,0.19) | 0.00 (− 0.20, 0.20) | 0.14 (− 0.01, 0.29) | −0.00 (− 0.18, 0.18) | 0.05 (− 0.12, 0.23) |
Living alone | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.13 (0.96, 1.29) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.10 (0.95, 1.25) |  |
 Yes | 0.18 (0.04, 0.33) | 0.14 (0.00, 0.28) | 0.16 (0.03, 0.28) | 0.09 (−0.16, 0.16) | 0.00 (− 0.16, 0.16) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.22 (1.09, 1.35) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Immigrant background | 0.19 (0.02, 0.35) | −0.34 (− 0.66, − 0.02) | −0.27 (− 0.55, − 0.01) | 0.36 (0.04, 0.44) | − 0.29 (− 0.59, 0.01) | −0.26 (− 0.51, − 0.01) |
Job status | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.20 (1.07, 1.33) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.18 (1.04,1.33) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Job and support | 0.36 (0.24, 0.48) | 0.15 (0.00, 0.29) | 0.13 (−0.00, 0.26) | 0.10 (−0.02, 0.21) | 0.03 (− 0.12, 0.18) | 0.00 (− 0.13, 0.14) |
 No job with/without sup | 0.19 (0.03, 0.34) | −0.26 (− 0.41, − 0.12) | −0.18 (− 0.29, − 0.07) | −0.07 (− 0.24, 0.11) | −0.35 (− 0.51, 0.20) | −0.35 (− 0.50, − 0.21) |
Physical activity | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.35 (1.16, 1.55) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.15 (1.00, 1.30) |  |
 Physical activity | −0.16 (− 0.23, − 0.10) | −0.11 (− 0.18, − 0.03) | −0.11 (− 0.19, − 0.03) | −0.03 (− 0.09, 0.04) | −0.02 (− 0.08, 0.04) |  |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.18 (1.03, 1.32) |  | – | 1.08 (0.95, 1.21) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 High consumption | 0.03 (−0.29, 0.23) | 0.02 (−0.27, 0.32) |  | 0.00 (−0.23, 0.23) | 0.12 (− 0.14, 0.38) | 0.13 (− 0.12, 0.38) |
Previous treatment | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.22 (1.01, 1.36) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.13 (1.01, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Yes | 0.04 (−0.17, 0.25) | −0.21 (− 0.42, 0.00) | −0.15 (− 0.33, 0.03) | −0.02 (− 0.22, 0.18) | −0.18 (− 0.34, − 0.00) | −0.11 (− 0.27, 0.05) |
Antidepressant medic. | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.21 (1.07, 1.35) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.14 (1.01, 1.28) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Every day | 0.36 (0.18, 0.55) | −0.19 (−0.42, 0.04) | − 0.22 (− 0.41, − 0.02) | 0.11 (− 0.11, 0.33) | −0.27 (− 0.49, − 0.06) | −0.36 (− 0.56, − 0.16) |
Sleep medication | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.16 (1.03, 1.29) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.06 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Every week | 0.46 (0.18, 0.74) | 0.13 (−0.08, 0.33) | 0.23 (0.02, 0.45) | 0.48 (0.20, 0.77) | 0.27 (0.11, 0.44) | 0.45 (0.26, 0.64) |
Perceived cause | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.14 (0.99, 1.28) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.09 (0.97, 1.22) |  |
 Relationship problems | 0.32 (0.22, 0.43) | 0.12 (−0.00, 0.24) | 0.15 (0.02, 0.29) | 0.22 (0.05, 0.45) | 0.02 (− 0.15, 0.19) |  |
Perceived cause | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.09 (0.93,.1.24) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.06 (.93, 1.19) |  |
 School/job related | 0.31 (0.17, 0.45) | 0.20 (0.06, 0.33) | 0.21 (0.10, 0.31) | 0.18 (0.10, 0.27) | 0.09 (−0.05, 0.22) |  |
Perceived cause | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.22 (1.09, 1.36) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.13 (1.01, 1.25) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.30) |
 Bullying | 0.27 (0.06, 0.48) | −0.33 (−0.62, − 0.04) | −0.29 (− 0.57, − 0.01) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.45) | −0.20 (− 0.43, 0.04) | −0.16 (− 0.40, 0.08) |
Referral | ||||||
 Intercept | – | 1.26 (1.09, 1.43) | 1.27 (1.05, 1.50) | – | 1.13 (0.97, 1.29) |  |
 Self | 0.14 | −0.17 (− 0.35, − 0.00) | −0.17 (− 0.33, − 0.01) | −0.12 (− 0.26, 0.02) | −0.05 (− 0.24, 0.14) |  |