Obesity and depressive symptoms in mid-life: a population-based cohort study

BMC Psychiatry

Table 4 Lifestyle factors and the risk of depressive symptoms at age 50 years

	Adjusted for sex, depressive symptoms at 45y, & other factors^a	Full adjustment^b
	OR(95%CI)	OR(95%CI)	P_{sex-interaction}
Alcohol			0.40
Non-drinker	1.98 (1.52, 2.58)	1.88 (1.44, 2.46)
Light < 7 units/week	Reference	Reference
Moderate 7–14 units/week	0.98 (0.80, 1.19)	1.00 (0.82, 1.22)
Heavy > 14 units/week	1.23 (1.00, 1.51)	1.17 (0.95, 1.45)
P	< 0.001	< 0.001
Smoking			0.05
Never	Reference	Reference
Ex-Smoker	0.96 (0.80, 1.16)	0.93 (0.77, 1.13)
Current smoker	1.51 (1.25, 1.81)	1.33 (1.09, 1.61)
P	< 0.001	0.003
Physical activity			0.51
2–3 times/month	Reference	Reference
1 time/week	0.79 (0.63, 0.98)	0.88 (0.71, 1.10)
2–3 times/week	0.76 (0.61, 0.94)	0.88 (0.70, 1.09)
4–7 times/week	0.86 (0.71, 1.05)	0.98 (0.81, 1.20)
P	0.04	0.52
Sedentary behaviour			0.09
< 3 h/day	Reference	Reference
≥ 3 h/day	1.36 (1.16, 1.59)	1.20 (1.02, 1.41)
P	< 0.001	0.05
Fruit consumption			0.02
< 1 day/week	Reference	Reference
1–2 days/week	0.93 (0.73, 1.18)	0.98 (0.76, 1.25)
≥ 3 days/week	0.60 (0.49, 0.73)	0.67 (0.55, 0.82)
P	< 0.001	< 0.001
Depressive symptoms at age 45y			0.36
No	Reference	Reference
Yes	4.43 (3.61, 5.43)	4.11 (3.34, 5.0)
P	< 0.001	< 0.001

P-value based on Likelihood ratio test
^aSociodemographic factors included region, social class at birth and social class at age 42 years
^bFull adjustment involved sex, depressive symptoms at age 45 years, sociodemographic factors, general and central obesity, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and fruit consumptions

ISSN: 1471-244X